Immunotoxic and cytotoxic effects of atrazine, permethrin and piperonyl butoxide to rainbow trout following in vitro exposure

Shelley, Lesley K.; Ross, Peter S.; Kennedy, Christopher J.

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.020

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

2012

DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.05.020

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Immunotoxic and cytotoxic effects of atrazine, permethrin and piperonyl butoxide to rainbow trout following in vitro exposure

Lesley K. Shelley

Peter S. Ross

Christopher J. Kennedy

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Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…It has been commonly used in mammals (Divya et al 2015;Kralova-Kovarikova et al 2016), but in fish, there are many different methodologies for various species and optimal results are not always obtained. The LTT (Lymphocyte Transformation Test) can be applied to assess the effect of pesticides on the lymphocyte viability and proliferation (Shelley et al 2012), and is also often used in other toxicological studies (Harford et al 2007;Muller et al 2009) as well as nutritional studies (Siwicki et al 2003;Kowalska et al 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Different incubation conditions were used in the previous studies with rainbow trout lymphocytes. The incubation time usually varies from 3 to 5 days, the shorter period being more common (Tahir and Secombes 1995;Siwicki et al 2003;Shelley et al 2012). Incubation with foetal bovine serum (FBS) as well as trout serum was described (Verlhac et al 1998;Siwicki et al 2003;Hebert et al 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Incubation with foetal bovine serum (FBS) as well as trout serum was described (Verlhac et al 1998;Siwicki et al 2003;Hebert et al 2008). Temperature ranged from 15 °C to 22 °C (Tahir and Secombes 1995;Lunden and Bylund 2000;Shelley et al 2012). The usual mitogens are phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide (Flory and Bayne 1991;Siwicki et al 2003), stimulation with pokeweed mitogen is less common (Ottinger and Kaattari 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In fish, mitogen concentrations vary from 1 µg/ml to 200 µg/ml (sometimes even 1000) (Chilmonczyk 1978;Wang et al 1997;Kehrer et al 1998). The most commonly used samples include peripheral blood, the head kidney and spleen (O'Halloran et al 1998;Shelley et al 2012).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It has been mainly used in mammals (Walsh et al 2005;Karami et al 2016) and less often in birds (Finkelstein et al 2007;Grasman et al 2013). The MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay is another alternative (Mosmann 1983;Siwicki et al 2003;Kowalska et al 2017), as well as the evaluation by flow cytometry (Scharsack et al 2001;Shelley et al 2012). However, these assays were mostly optimised in mammals, so they are often unreliable and have limitations like the detection range and other technical issues (Gauthier et al 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Optimisation of the lymphocyte proliferation assay in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Minářová¹,

Palíková²,

Mareš³

et al. 2019

Vet. Med. - Czech

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The lymphocyte proliferation assay is a valuable method used for the evaluation of the fish immune system. However, there are many variations and optimal results are not always obtained. Unification is necessary to ensure the comparability between different studies. The aim of this study was to optimise the lymphocyte proliferation assay in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). This goal included the determination of the optimal incubation length, serum type, incubation temperature, type of mitogen and its concentration, and anticoagulant. The peripheral blood and head kidney lymphocytes were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Subsequently, the cells were incubated for 3–8 days with different mitogens (pokeweed mitogen 5, 10 and 50 µg/ml, concanavalin A 1, 10 and 20 µg/ml, phytohaemagglutinin 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml, lipopolysaccharide 1, 50 and 100 µg/ml). The use of the different serum types (foetal bovine serum, trout serum), incubation temperatures (10–20 °C) and anticoagulants (heparin, EDTA) was compared. Labelled thymidine was used to evaluate the assay. The best results were obtained after seven days of incubation at 15 °C with foetal bovine serum (FBS). The head kidney lymphocytes showed the highest proliferative response with 50 µg/ml phytohaemagglutinin. With the peripheral blood lymphocytes (heparin and EDTA), the best results were obtained with 50 µg/ml pokeweed mitogen. The highest proliferation levels were detected with heparinised blood. In conclusion, optimisation of this assay contributes to the improved assessment of the rainbow trout immune function.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Optimisation of the lymphocyte proliferation assay in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Minářová¹,

Palíková²,

Mareš³

et al. 2019

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against pendimethalin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Hamed

El‐Sayed

2018

Fish Physiol Biochem

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To assess the ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf extract on haematological and biochemical changes, liver DNA damage and oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to a sublethal concentration (0.52 mg/l) of pendimethalin (PM). Tilapia fish were allocated into four equal groups in tri-replicates as follows: first group was the control group, second group was treated with MO (20 ml/30 l water), third group was exposed to 0.52 mg PM/l and fourth group was exposed to 0.52 mg PM/l and treated with MO leaf extract (20 ml/30 l water) for 28 days. At the end of this period, blood and liver tissue samples were collected and haematological and biochemical changes, hepatic DNA fragmentation and oxidative stress biomarkers were analysed. Pendimethalin caused significant reduction in haematological profile [White blood cells (WBCs) and red blood cells (RBCs) counts, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and haematocrit (Ht) level]; meanwhile, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, uric acid, glucose, cortisol, cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased. On the other hand, serum total protein, albumin, globulin and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were decreased. Significant reduction in hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels and marked increments of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and DNA fragmentation were observed in PM-exposed fish compared to the control group. The addition of Moringa oleifera leaf extract into the water could overcome the negative impacts of pendimethalin and normalise the examined parameters nearly to the control values. Moringa oleifera was used for the first time to protect tilapia fish against PM-induced toxicity. The present study revealed that Moringa oleifera has potent antioxidant and antigenotoxic actions against pendimethalin toxicity.

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Pesticide residues in muscles of some marine fish species and seaweeds of Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean), Turkey

Polat

Şimşek

et al. 2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Pesticide residues in muscles of nine marine fish and four seaweed species of Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean) have been investigated. In sampled fish species, two herbicides, three insecticides, two fungicides, and one synergist were identified and quantified. Metribuzin DADK, propamocarb HCl, and piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were detected in all the muscles of sampled fish species. Metribuzin DADK was the most abundant pesticide residue in fish muscles and the highest metribuzin DADK concentration was found in sardine (311.20 μg/kg). Propamocarb HCl concentrations varied greatly among species; from 0.530 ± 0.020 μg/kg in striped sea bream to 34.170 μg/kg in sea bass. The level of PBO ranged from 0.001 μg/kg for fourlined terapon to 0.013 μg/kg for sardine. No measurable oxamyl residue was found in any of the muscles of sampled fish species (except sardine). In seaweeds, two herbicides and two insecticides were identified and quantified. Metribuzin DADK was the most abundant and found in Cystoseira corniculata (5.01 mg/kg), Corallina elongata (0.703 mg/kg), and Jania rubens (3.85 mg/kg). Molinate was a minor contaminant and only found in Corallina elongata (0.002 mg/kg). Pyrethrin I was determined only in Padina pavonia to be 0.567 mg/kg. Pyrethrine II was found in Padina pavonia and Corallina elongate to be 1.214 and 0.229 mg/kg, respectively. The most hazardous pesticide residues of organochlorines and organophosphorus were not detected in both sampled fish muscles and seaweeds. There are no clear maximum residue limits for the detected eight pesticide residues declared for fish muscle by European Union MRL (2017). In conclusion, it can be considered that observed concentrations of pesticides in sampled nine marine fish species do not have a potential health risk for consumers. Some of the detected pesticide residues can be toxic for algae and aquatic life and regular monitoring studies are therefore essential to control the pesticide concentrations of aquatic biota in the region.

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Immunotoxic and cytotoxic effects of atrazine, permethrin and piperonyl butoxide to rainbow trout following in vitro exposure

Cited by 17 publications

References 22 publications

Optimisation of the lymphocyte proliferation assay in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Optimisation of the lymphocyte proliferation assay in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Antioxidant activities of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against pendimethalin-induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

Pesticide residues in muscles of some marine fish species and seaweeds of Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean), Turkey

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