“…Strategies during the last years to improve the cellular immune responses against MUC1 protein include: (i) conjugation of MUC1 peptides with KLH or mannan Gilewski et al, 2000), (ii) coexpression of MUC1 with CD80 (B7.1) in tumour cells to provide costimulatory signals to the immune system (Smith et al, 1999), (iii) fusing MUC1-positive tumour cells with antigenpresenting cells or pulsing dendritic cells with MUC1-derived peptides (Brossart et al, 2000;Gong et al, 2000), (iv) application of MUC1 together with Th1 cytokines ; Carr-Brendel Lees et al, 2000;Mukherjee et al, 2003), and (v) use of a BCG-MUC1-IL2 fusion protein (He et al, 2002). The latter fusion protein consists of the BCG antigen signal sequence, the MUC1 VNTR core peptide, and IL2.…”