Immunotherapy for Allergy to Insect Stings

Lafeuillade, Alain; Mc, Alessi; Poizot‐Martin, Isabelle; Dhiver, Catherine; Quilichini, R; Aubert, L.; Gastaut, J A; Juhan-Vague, I.

doi:10.1056/nejm199104253241718

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…HIV has known associations with HCV and is associated with higher levels of D-dimer, Factor VIII% and PAI-1, and with lower levels of Total Protein S% 17,19–23 . HIV infection was defined as HIV positive antibody status using commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits and Western Blot confirmation, with HIV negative serostatus confirmed at all visits.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proposed markers of hemostasis in HIV include higher levels of D-dimer, Factor VIII% and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 antigen (PAI-1), and lower levels of total Protein S%, both in patients on ART and in the pre-HAART era 17–23 . HCV coinfection occurs commonly in HIV-infected patients and may accelerate immunologic progression of HIV infection 24 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Hepatitis C With Markers of Hemostasis In HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)

Kiefer¹,

Shi²,

Hoover³

et al. 2013

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common. HIV infection and treatment are associated with hypercoaguability; thrombosis in HCV is under-investigated. Proposed markers of hemostasis in HIV include higher D-dimer, Factor VIII% and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1Ag), and lower total Protein S% (TPS), but have not been examined in HCV. We assessed the independent association of HCV with these four measures of hemostasis in a multicenter, prospective study of HIV: the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). We randomly selected 450 HCV-infected (anti-HCV+ with detectable plasma HCV RNA) and 450 HCV-uninfected (anti-HCV−) women. HCV was the main exposure of interest in regression models. 443 HCV+ and 425 HCV− women were included. HCV+ women had higher Factor VIII% (124.4% ±3.9 vs. 101.8% ±3.7, p <0.001) and lower TPS (75.7% ±1.1 vs. 84.3% ±1.1, <0.001) than HCV−, independent of HIV infection and viral load; there was little difference in PAI-1Ag or log10 D-dimer. After adjustment for confounders, these inferences remained. HIV infection was independently associated with higher Factor VIII% and log10 D-dimer, and lower TPS. HCV was independently associated with higher Factor VIII% and lower TPS consistent with hypercoaguability. Higher Factor VIII % and D-dimer and lower total Protein S % were also strongly associated with HIV infection and levels of HIV viremia, independent of HCV infection. Further investigation is needed to determine if there is increased thrombotic risk from HCV. Studies examining hemostasis markers in HIV infection must also assess the contribution of HCV infection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Hepatitis C With Markers of Hemostasis In HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)

Kiefer¹,

Shi²,

Hoover³

et al. 2013

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…study of two large combined cohorts (SMART and ESPRIT) which after adjustment including hepatitis infection, found a significant association of higher Factor VIII at enrollment date and all cause mortality in cases compared to nested controls 27 . Both high Factor VIII and low total Protein S are observed in HIV infected individuals and are risk factors for thrombosis 15,17–19 . While the possibility of Type II error does exist, it is also possible that the mechanisms for increased thrombosis in HIV from these abnormalities in Factor VIII and total Protein S do not translate into increased risk of AIDS-specific deaths in our population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Protein S deficiencies predispose to thromboembolic complications 53 and we previously reported in WIHS an independent association of lower total Protein S with HCV and HIV 31 . Protein S is synthesized by endothelium and previous studies suggest that HIV viral alteration of endothelial function may play a role in this deficiency, although the pathway remains to be fully elucidated 19,54 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the clinical significance of these markers, our group and others have studied whether levels of these markers differ between HIV-infected patients and HIV-uninfected controls 12–19 . These studies found that, as compared to those who are HIV-uninfected, HIV-infected persons have higher D-dimer, Factor VIII and PAI-1 levels and lower total Protein S levels 13–19 . Further, in a prior study we found that Factor VIII and D-dimer levels are higher and total Protein S levels are lower, with higher HIV RNA viral load 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Markers of Hemostasis With Death in HIV-Infected Women

Kiefer

Hoover

Shi

et al. 2014

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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In HIV-negatives, markers of hemostasis including D-dimer, Factor VIII, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 antigen (PAI-1) and total protein S are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. In HIV-positives, studies of D-dimer and Factor VIII with death were limited to short follow-up; associations of PAI-1 and total protein S with death have not been examined. In 674 HIV-infected women from the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS), markers from the first visit after enrollment were exposures of interest in multivariate analyses of death (AIDS and non-AIDS) in separate models at 5 and 16 years. There were 87 AIDS and 44 non-AIDS deaths at 5 years, and 159 AIDS and 113 non-AIDS deaths at 16 years. An inverse association of total protein S quartiles with non-AIDS deaths was observed at 5 (p-trend=0.002) and 16 years (p-trend=0.02); there was no association with AIDS deaths. The 3rd quartile of PAI-1 was associated with AIDS deaths at 5 (hazard ratio (HR)=4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.9–8.4) and 16 years (HR=3.4, 95% CI=1.9–5.9); and with non-AIDS deaths at 5 years (HR=4.8, 95%CI=1.6,13.9). D-dimer and Factor VIII were not associated with AIDS or non-AIDS death at 5 or 16 years. Lower total Protein S was a consistent marker of non-AIDS death. We found no association between D-dimer with AIDS or non-AIDS death, in contrast to previous studies showing increased short term (<5 years) mortality, which may represent sex differences or population heterogeneity. Given longer survival on HAART, further studies of these markers are needed to determine their prognostic value.

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Raynaud's phenomenon and acral necrosis after chemotherapy for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma

Reiser

Bruns

Hartmann

et al. 1998

Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis.

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Raynaud's phenomenon is a common vascular side effect of chemotherapy drug regimens. Chemotherapy-induced Raynaud's phenomenon leading to acral gangrene has rarely been reported. In this report, one patient who developed gangrene after bleomycin and vincristine/vinblastine chemotherapy for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and another HIV-infected patient who exhibited symptoms of severe Raynaud's phenomenon related to the same regimen are presented. Because the combination of bleomycin and vinca alkaloids is commonly used for the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, clinicians should be aware of the risk of provoking acral necrosis in patients who develop Raynaud's phenomenon under chemotherapy. The literature is reviewed, and clinical symptoms, pathophysiology, and treatment options are discussed.

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Immunotherapy for Allergy to Insect Stings

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Association of Hepatitis C With Markers of Hemostasis In HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)

Association of Hepatitis C With Markers of Hemostasis In HIV-Infected and Uninfected Women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)

Association of Markers of Hemostasis With Death in HIV-Infected Women

Raynaud's phenomenon and acral necrosis after chemotherapy for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma

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