Immunotherapeutic targets in non‐small cell lung cancer

Rad, Habib Sadeghi; Bahrami, Tayyeb; Layeghi, Sepideh Mehrpour; Yousefi, Hassan; Rezaei, Meysam; Hosseini‐Fard, Seyed Reza; Radfar, Payar; Warkiani, Majid Ebrahimi; O’Byrne, K.J.; Kulasinghe, Arutha

doi:10.1111/imm.13562

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 209 publications

(268 reference statements)

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“…Lung cancer is currently the foremost threat to human health worldwide and the primary cause of cancer-related deaths . It can be categorized into nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer. , Diagnostic methods for lung cancer primarily include computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, but they suffer from low sensitivity due to imaging limitations, and NSCLC often presents with indistinct early symptoms . Hence, lung cancer patients are frequently diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in low survival rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis Accuracy via Dual Detection Fluorescent Nanoprobes

Wang,

Chang,

Ouyang

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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Among the primary threats to human health worldwide, nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a significant factor and is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Due to subtle early symptoms, NSCLC patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in low survival rates. Herein, novel Au–Se bond nanoprobes (NPs) designed for the specific detection of Calpain-2 (CAPN2) and Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE), pivotal biomarkers in NSCLC, were developed. The NPs demonstrated exceptional specificity and sensitivity toward CAPN2 and HNE, enabling dual-color fluorescence imaging to distinguish between NSCLC cells and normal lung cells effectively. The NPs’ performance was consistent across a wide pH range (6.2 to 8.0), and it exhibited remarkable resistance to biological thiol interference, indicating its robustness in complex physiological environments. These findings suggest the nanoprobe is a promising tool for early NSCLC diagnosis, offering a novel approach for enhancing the accuracy of cancer detection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis Accuracy via Dual Detection Fluorescent Nanoprobes

Wang,

Chang,

Ouyang

et al. 2024

Anal. Chem.

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“…In recent years, the treatment of advanced NSCLC has radically evolved with the introduction in clinical practice of targeted therapies against specific molecular alterations and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A clear advantage in survival has been demonstrated for targeted therapies in patients with tumors harboring genetic alterations in driver oncogenes like Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutations, Anaplastic Lymphome Kinase (ALK) or c-Ros Oncogene 1 (ROS1) fusions and others [3,4], while two different classes of ICIs to treat non-oncogene addicted tumors have shown similar advantages in clinical trials [5]. The first class includes the inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1; nivolumab, pembrolizumab) or its ligand (PD-L1; atezolizumab); the second class comprises inhibitors of cytotoxic lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), like ipilimumab [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration of Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Survivors: A Lifelong Commitment?

Putzu¹,

Canova

Paliogiannis

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Lung cancer is one of the most common human malignancies and the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Novel therapeutic approaches, like targeted therapies against specific molecular alterations and immunotherapy, have revolutionized in the last decade the oncological outcomes in patients affected by non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The advent of immunotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC has significantly improved overall and progression-free survival, as well as the patient’s quality of life in comparison to traditional chemotherapy. Currently, it is estimated that long-term survival can be achieved in more than 15% of NSCLC patients treated with immunotherapy. Therefore, the optimal duration of immunotherapy in long survivors needs to be established to avoid overtreatment, side effects, and high costs and at the same time, protect them from potential disease relapse or progression. We performed a narrative review to discuss all the aspects related to the optimal duration of immunotherapy in long survivors with NSCLC. Data regarding the duration of immunotherapy in the most impacting clinical trials were collected, along with data regarding the impact of toxicities, side effects, and costs for healthcare providers. In addition, the two-year immunotherapy scheme in patients who benefit from first-line or subsequent treatment lines are examined, and the need for biomarkers that can predict outcomes during and after immunotherapy cessation in patients affected by NSCLC are discussed.

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“…The TME comprises diverse elements, including cancer cells, immune cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, and various inflammatory cytokines secreted by these cells, such as interleukin 6 (IL6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β), and cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B) ( 9 , 10 ). Tumor initiation and progression are largely affected by TME dynamics and spatial and temporal heterogeneity ( 11 , 12 ), and the TME plays a vital role in NSCLC ( 13 ). Treatment of NSCLC has been revolutionized by applying programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)- and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1)-related immune CPIs ( 14 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying key transcription factors and immune infiltration in non-small-cell lung cancer using weighted correlation network and Cox regression analyses

et al. 2023

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IntroductionLung cancer is one of the most common cancers and a significant cause of cancer-related deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of all lung cancer cases. Therefore, it is crucial to identify effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods. In addition, transcription factors are essential for eukaryotic cells to regulate their gene expression, and aberrant expression transcription factors are an important step in the process of oncogenesis in NSCLC.MethodsDifferentially expressed transcription factors between NSCLC and normal tissues by analyzing mRNA profiling from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database program were identified. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) and line plot of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were performed to find prognosis-related transcription factors. The cellular functions of transcription factors were performed by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, wound healing assay, cell invasion assay in lung cancer cells.ResultsWe identified 725 differentially expressed transcription factors between NSCLC and normal tissues. Three highly related modules for survival were discovered, and transcription factors highly associated with survival were obtained by using WGCNA. Then line plot of LASSO was applied to screen transcription factors related to prognosis and build a prognostic model. Consequently, SETDB2, SNAI3, SCML4, and ZNF540 were identified as prognosis-related transcription factors and validated in multiple databases. The low expression of these hub genes in NSCLC was associated with poor prognosis. The deletions of both SETDB2 and SNAI3 were found to promote proliferation, invasion, and stemness in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the proportions of 22 immune cells between the high- and low-score groups.DiscussionTherefore, our study identified the transcription factors involved in regulating NSCLC, and we constructed a panel for the prediction of prognosis and immune infiltration to inform the clinical application of transcription factor analysis in the prevention and treatment of NSCLC.

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Immunotherapeutic targets in non‐small cell lung cancer

Cited by 8 publications

References 209 publications

Advancing Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis Accuracy via Dual Detection Fluorescent Nanoprobes

Advancing Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosis Accuracy via Dual Detection Fluorescent Nanoprobes

Duration of Immunotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Survivors: A Lifelong Commitment?

Identifying key transcription factors and immune infiltration in non-small-cell lung cancer using weighted correlation network and Cox regression analyses

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