“…Hundreds of such ligands have been reported, and interestingly, many of these are not exclusive to EV surfaces but also exist in a soluble form. This includes several ligands for major receptor families, such as the TNF family receptor ligands (e.g., CD95L (FasL) (Audo et al, 2012;Kim et al, 2005), TRAIL (Wajant, 2006), TNF alpha (Zhang et al, 2006), CD40L (Martínez et al, 2022), OX40L (Neyrinck-Leglantier et al, 2022, CD70 (Himbert et al, 2020), CD30L (Hansen et al, 2014(Hansen et al, , 2016 and RANKL (Wnt (Gross et al, 2012;Holliday et al, 2021))) and Wnt ligands (Torres et al, 2021) as well as ligands belonging to the Ig superfamily (e.g., PD-L1 (Martínez et al, 2022), CD80 (Liu et al, 2023), and CD66a/CEACAM1 (Igami et al, 2022)). Additionally, ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases such as VEGF (Zeng & Fu, 2019), colony-stimulating factors (Meng et al, 2021), and epidermal growth factors (Frawley & Piskareva, 2020) 2008; Li et al, 1999;Matsumoto et al, 2015;Richter et al, 2012;Suda et al, 1997).…”