Immunosuppressive Compounds Exhibit Particular Effects on Functional Properties of Human Anti-Aspergillus T _H 1 Cells

Levels of interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐8 are elevated in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of haematological patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

“…These 10 cases were matched with each 2 controls out of a pool of 56 patients not fulfilling IPA criteria enrolled into this cohort (ie, 34 patients with possible IPA and/or missing serum/BALF sample were excluded). Controls were individually matched to cases by factors determined previously to potentially influence outcome and cytokine levels: (i) presence and duration of neutropenia, (ii) presence/absence of (a) allogeneic/autologous stem cell transplantation, and (b) graft vs host disease (GVHD), (iii) underlying diseases, (iv) receipt of corticosteroids within a week before bronchoscopy and (v) viral infection within 2 weeks before bronchoscopy (ie, detection of virus in blood or BALF using nucleic acid amplification testing) …”

Adoptive T‐cell therapy for fungal infections in haematology patients

“…In a recent study, Tramsen et al showed that commonly used immunosuppressive drugs have adverse effects on proliferation and cytokine production by Aspergillus-specific T cells. 63 These data suggest that adoptive immunotherapy using fungus-specific T cells may be best used in the context of non-pharmacological graft-versus-host disease strategies such as CD34 + selection or post-transplant cyclophosphamide. In addition, infusion of T cells may be most effective in patients who have achieved complete or partial recovery of their innate immune system.…”

“…within the first 3 months after HSCT or after conclusion of immunosuppressive therapy will be most beneficial. In a recent study, Tramsen et al showed that commonly used immunosuppressive drugs have adverse effects on proliferation and cytokine production by Aspergillus ‐specific T cells 63 . These data suggest that adoptive immunotherapy using fungus‐specific T cells may be best used in the context of non‐pharmacological graft‐versus‐host disease strategies such as CD34 + selection or post‐transplant cyclophosphamide.…”

Distinct Effects of Immunosuppressive Drugs on the Anti-Aspergillus Activity of Human Natural Killer Cells

“…Three concentrations of each of the agents were prepared: In addition to the concentration reflecting the common target serum level (e.g., 150 µg/mL for CsA), each compound was tested in a significantly lower and higher concentration. In particular, CsA was used at concentrations of 0.03, 0.15 and 0.75 µg/mL, MPA at 0.5, 5.0 and 50 µg/mL, and methylprednisolone at 0.025, 0.25 and 2.5 µg/mL, respectively [37][38][39][40]. Each experiment has been performed at least three times, and all experiments have been performed independently from each other using NK cells from a different donor.…”