Immunosuppressive Agents

McCune, W. Joseph; Fox, David A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-703-1_37

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 150 publications

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“…I analyzed the consensus city categories by using ANOVA to predict ecological connectivity to see if similar visual forms have similar connectivity. Then I used the qualitative urban form classifications as a priori categories for a multiresponse permutation procedure (MRPP; McCune and Mefford, 1999). The MRPP calculates an average distance between the assigned groups, in this case the qualitative form categories, and their response, the quantitative metrics measured to differentiate urban areas.…”

Section: Urban Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the response variables cluster by the specified groups, then the average intragroup distance will be small compared with the average distances from other possible combinations. I also examined the qualitative categories in a cluster analysis by using relative Euclidean distance as the distance measure and the farthest neighbor as the group linkage (McCune and Mefford, 1999). The cluster analysis gives a visual representation of which cities are more similar to one another, based on the quantitative data.…”

Section: Urban Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting Ecological Connectivity in Urbanizing Landscapes

Bierwagen

2005

Environ Plann B Plann Des

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Nearly half the world's population lives in urban centers, and these areas are increasingly important components of regional and global land cover. However, their ecological attributes are often overlooked, despite the presence of species, ecosystem services, and risks associated with the spread of pests or threatening processes such as fire. Movement and dispersal of organisms contribute to species persistence in urban landscapes; however, landscape patterns that promote ecological connectivity may also facilitate the spread of undesirable organisms or processes. I investigate how urban form can be used to predict ecological connectivity and assist in prioritizing urban landscapes for conservation activities and risk management. I examine the value of qualitative and quantitative descriptions of urban morphology as predictors of ecological connectivity by comparing sixty-six cities in the USA. Results show that qualitative categories are not adequate for describing ecological connectivity; multivariate descriptions are much better predictors, with urban area, number of urban patches, urban patch extent, level of aggregation, and perimeter area fractal dimension composing the significant synthetic variables. The dominance of area as a differentiating variable led to the development of a new urban connectivity index using a combination of urban area and state population size. This metric, based on readily available aspatial data, explains 78% of variation in ecological connectivity. These results provide a simple but novel tool for beginning to understand the role of urban morphology in promoting desirable environmental outcomes and managing environmental risks in urbanizing landscapes.

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Section: Urban Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Urban Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%