Immunosuppressant PG490 (triptolide) induces apoptosis through the activation of caspase-3 and down-regulation of XIAP in U937 cells

Medicinal chemistry and pharmacology of genus Tripterygium (Celastraceae)

“…Apoptosis and cell proliferation-Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that normally is triggered in cells that are old or targets of biotic or abiotic stresses. The apoptotic process involves the activation of caspases (EC 3.4.22.36), cysteine proteases that trigger a series of reactions leading to DNA degradation (Choi et al, 2003). Defects in the apoptotic process, particularly in T cells, may be involved in autoimmune diseases (Lai et al, 2001;Ho and Lai, 2004).…”

“…An extract given to cancer patients produced a substantial improvement within 5 weeks, and was patented as a treatment for human melanomas (Debiopharm, 1994). Triptolide (1) has shown antiproliferative and apoptotic effects in several tumor lines in vitro (Kutney et al, 1997;Tengchaisri et al, 1998;Kiviharju et al, 2002;Yang et al, 2002;Choi et al, 2003) and restricted tumor growth, or shrank tumors, in animals (Tengchaisri et al, 1998;Yang et al, 2002). By suppressing activation of NF-κB, 1 made tumor cells more sensitive to TNF-α-induced apoptosis (Lee et al, , 2002a.…”

Triptolide downregulates human GD3 synthase (hST8Sia I) gene expression in SK-MEL-2 human melanoma cells

“…Several studies have recently reported that TPL inhibits the transcriptional activation of NF-κB in various cancer cell lines (Lee et al, 1999;Chang et al, 2007;Jang et al, 2007;Kang et al, 2009;Zhu et al, 2009b;Xu et al, 2010). It is additionally known that TPL down-regulates the various NF-κB-regulated genes, IL-1, IL-2, TNF, COX-2, bcl-2, cIAP, XIAP (Liu et al, 2000;Choi et al, 2003;Zhou et al, 2003;Yinjun et al, 2005). However, downregulation of NF-κB-mediated gene expression by TPL stimulation in human melanoma cells has not been reported.…”

Ethanol Extract of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. Induces G0/G1 Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Leukemia HL-60 Cells Through c-myc and Mitochondria-Dependent Caspase Signaling Pathways

“…After being washed with PBST buffer, the membrane was incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz). Immunoreactive proteins were detected using a Western Blotting Chemiluminescence Reagent Plus kit (NENTM Life Science) and exposed to Chemiluminescence films (Choi et al, 2003).…”