Immunosuppresive role of principal toxin (crotoxin) of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom

Rangel-Santos, A.; Lima, Carla; Lopes-Ferreira, Mônica; Cardoso, Débora Morais

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.07.004

Cited by 52 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These results agree with previous studies that are carried out the crotoxin that is the major neurotoxin present in Crotalus venom, demonstrated the activities such as immunosuppresor and immunomodulatory in experimental animals [41, 42]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Pro‐ and Anti‐Inflammatory Cytokines Release in Mice Injected with Crotalus durissus terrificus Venom

Cruz

García‐Jiménez

Mendonça

et al. 2008

Mediators of Inflammation

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The effects of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (Cdt) were analyzed with respect to the susceptibility and the inflammatory mediators in an experimental model of severe envenomation. BALB/c female mice injected intraperitoneally presented sensibility to Cdt, with changes in specific signs, blood biochemical and inflammatory mediators. The venom induced reduction of glucose and urea levels and an increment of creatinine levels in serum from mice. Significant differences were observed in the time-course of mediator levels in sera from mice injected with Cdt. The maximum levels of IL-6, NO, IL-5, TNF, IL-4 and IL-10 were observed 15 min, 30 min, 1, 2 and 4 hours post-injection, respectively. No difference was observed for levels of IFN-γ. Taken together, these data indicate that the envenomation by Cdt is regulated both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine responses at time-dependent manner. In serum from mice injected with Cdt at the two first hours revealed of pro-inflammatory dominance. However, with an increment of time an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines was observed and the balance toward to anti-inflammatory dominance. In conclusion, the observation that Cdt affects the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines provides further evidence for the role played by Cdt in modulating pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine balance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Pro‐ and Anti‐Inflammatory Cytokines Release in Mice Injected with Crotalus durissus terrificus Venom

Cruz

García‐Jiménez

Mendonça

et al. 2008

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…The venom components responsible for the hepatotoxicity are still undetermined, but they probably involve PLA 2 action on cell membrane lipids and mitochondrial respiration (38), as well as various cell types such as lymphocytes (41,42), macrophages (39,40,43,44), mast cells (45), and platelets (3,(46)(47)(48)(49). In support of Coagulation disturbances (19,20) leading to fibrin deposition and ischemia, mainly through the action of the thrombin-like enzyme (gyroxin) of this venom (8,9,19) could also contribute to the hepatic damage registered in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute hepatotoxicity of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom in rats

França¹,

Ferrari²,

Souza³

et al. 2009

J. Venom. Anim. Toxins incl. Trop. Dis

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Venom of the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt), presents myotoxic and neurotoxic outcomes, but reports on its effects on the liver are scarce. This study examined the hepatotoxicity resulting from Cdt venom administration (100, 200 and 300 μg/kg) in male Wistar rats. Animals were studies at 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours after venom injection. The hepatotoxicity was assessed through serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), bilirrubin and also by histopathological evaluation. All the different concentrations of Cdt venom resulted in increased levels of hepatic enzymes, when compared with the control group, except for the 100 μg/kg dose, which presented normal levels at 9 and 12 hours after venom administration. Bilirrubin levels remained unchanged by Cdt venom. Histological analysis revealed endothelial damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, as well as sinusoidal and portal congestion. Based on these observations, we may conclude that Cdt venom causes dose-and time-dependent hepatic damage in rats, characterized by elevated hepatic enzyme levels and histological alterations.

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“…Later, the same group showed that the venom as well as crotoxin has inhibitory effect on mice splenic cells proliferation with no decrease in cell viability. In addition, they showed that the venom diminished the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN γ [17]. Moreover, it was also shown that crotoxin inoculation is also able to suppress antibody production in human serum albumin immunized mice [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crotalus durissus collilineatusVenom Induces TNF-αand IL-10 Production in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

et al. 2014

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Snake venom has been the subject of numerous studies in an attempt to find properties and biological effects that may be beneficial to man. In this study we evaluated in vitro the effects of Crotalus durissus terrificus (Cdt) and Crotalus durissus collilineatus (Cdc) venom in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). At 24 h, a significant decrease of viable cells was observed in cells stimulated with the Cdc venom at 0.0005 mg/mL and 0.005 mg/mL compared to the negative control. At 48 h, a significant decrease of viable cells was observed only in cells stimulated with Cdc venom at 0.005 mg/mL. A significant increase of TNF-α and IL-10 was detected 48 hours after culture of PBMC with Cdc, but not with Cdt venom. The expression of CD69 and PD1 (programmed death-1), activation and regulatory cell markers, on CD8+ and CD8− T cells did not change in the presence of Cdt and Cdc venom. Our results suggest the presence of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory components in the Cdc venom. Further analysis should be done to identify those Cdc venom components as it has been done for the Cdt venom by other authors, indicating that modulatory components are found in the venom of different species of Crotalus snakes.

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Immunosuppresive role of principal toxin (crotoxin) of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom

Cited by 52 publications

References 27 publications

Pro‐ and Anti‐Inflammatory Cytokines Release in Mice Injected with Crotalus durissus terrificus Venom

Pro‐ and Anti‐Inflammatory Cytokines Release in Mice Injected with Crotalus durissus terrificus Venom

Acute hepatotoxicity of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) venom in rats

Crotalus durissus collilineatusVenom Induces TNF-αand IL-10 Production in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

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