Immunostimulant properties of full-length and truncated Marinobacter algicola flagellins, and their effects against viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in trout

Nuñez-Ortiz, Noelia; Díaz‐Rosales, Patricia; Garcı́a, J.A.; Serra, Cláudia R.; Enes, Paula; Tafalla, Carolina; Gómez-Casado, Eduardo

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.018

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Initially, we used the established RTgutGC cell line to test the transcriptional effects provoked by B. subtilis EVs, to then determine their effects on splenic leukocytes. The RTgutGC cell line has characteristic features of functional intestinal epithelial cells and has been widely used to predict immune effects on fish intestinal cells ( 49 , 83 , 84 ). Both experiments confirmed the immunostimulatory properties of B. subtilis EVs, with the dose-dependent up-regulation of il1b and il8 transcription, and stimulatory effects on tnfa mRNA levels in the case of splenic leukocyte cultures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunomodulatory properties of Bacillus subtilis extracellular vesicles on rainbow trout intestinal cells and splenic leukocytes

Vicente-Gil,

Nuñez-Ortiz,

Morel

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-surrounded vesicles that carry bioactive molecules. Among EVs, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), specifically produced by Gram-negative bacteria, have been extensively characterized and their potential as vaccines, adjuvants or immunotherapeutic agents, broadly explored in mammals. Nonetheless, Gram-positive bacteria can also produce bilayered spherical structures from 20 to 400 nm involved in pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, nutrient uptake and nucleic acid transfer. However, information regarding their immunomodulatory potential is very scarce, both in mammals and fish. In the current study, we have produced EVs from the Gram-positive probiotic Bacillus subtilis and evaluated their immunomodulatory capacities using a rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cell line (RTgutGC) and splenic leukocytes. B. subtilis EVs significantly up-regulated the transcription of several pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial genes in both RTgutGC cells and splenocytes, while also up-regulating many genes associated with B cell differentiation in the later. In concordance, B. subtilis EVs increased the number of IgM-secreting cells in splenocyte cultures, while at the same time increased the MHC II surface levels and antigen-processing capacities of splenic IgM+ B cells. Interestingly, some of these experiments were repeated comparing the effects of B. subtilis EVs to EVs obtained from another Bacillus species, Bacillus megaterium, identifying important differences. The data presented provides evidence of the immunomodulatory capacities of Gram-positive EVs, pointing to the potential of B. subtilis EVs as adjuvants or immunostimulants for aquaculture.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%