Immunostaining for Human Herpesvirus 8 Latent Nuclear Antigen-1 Helps Distinguish Kaposi Sarcoma From Its Mimickers

Cheuk, Wah; Wong, Kathy O.Y.; Wong, Ching On; Dinkel, Jurgen Erich; Ben-Dor, David; Chan, John

doi:10.1309/b8tc-0lbv-h8xy-5mfv

Cited by 64 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In certain areas of our country classical-type KS is a commonly encountered cutaneous vascular neoplasm. Thus, knowledge of the histological subtypes and a search for the presence of the virus HHV-8 in cases suspected for KS are important for differential diagnosis [9–11]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cavernous Hemangioma-Like Kaposi Sarcoma: Histomorphologic Features and Differential Diagnosis

Kandemır

Barut

Gün

et al. 2013

Case Reports in Medicine

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Aim. Cavernous hemangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma is a rare morphologic type of Kaposi sarcoma. So far there are no cases in the literature defining the histological features of this morphologic spectrum in detail. In this study we presented two classical-type cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma cases with histologic findings resembling cavernous hemangioma in company with clinical and histopathological data. Cases. One hundred and eighty-five classical-type cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma lesions in 79 patients were assessed retrospectively in terms of histopathological features. Findings of two cases showing features of cavernous hemangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma whose clinical data could be accessed were presented in accompany with the literature data. Both cases were detected to have bluish-purple, protruded, irregularly bordered cutaneous lesions. Histopathological examination revealed a lesion formed by cavernous hemangioma-like vascular structures organized in a lobular pattern that became dilated and filled with blood. Typical histological findings of early-stage KS, consisting of mononuclear inflammation, extravasated erythrocytes, and a few immature vascular structures in superficial dermis, were observed. All cases were serologically HIV-1 negative. A positive reaction with HHV-8, CD31, CD34, and D2-40 monoclonal antibodies was identified at both cavernous hemangioma-like areas and in immature vascular structures. Results. Cavernous hemangioma-like Kaposi sarcoma is a rare Kaposi sarcoma variant presenting with diagnostic challenges, that may be confused with hemangioma. As characteristic morphological features may not be observed in every case, it is important for diagnostic purposes to show immunohistochemical HHV-8 positivity in this variant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In KS spindle cells and neoplastic vascular structures react positively with endothelial markers (e.g., CD31, CD34, and D2-40) [1]. The most important point in the diagnosis of KS is to show HHV-8 immunopositivity supporting histological findings in the neoplastic component [9–11]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cavernous Hemangioma-Like Kaposi Sarcoma: Histomorphologic Features and Differential Diagnosis

Kandemır

Barut

Gün

et al. 2013

Case Reports in Medicine

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“…LANA-1 protein may cause dysfunction of cell cycle regulatory checkpoints by degrading p53 and inactivating pRb 37. It has been previously shown that positive immunostaining for HHV8 LANA-1 exhibits high sensitivity and specificity, and it is a reliable and cost-effective method for the diagnosis of KS and is also useful for distinguishing it from the mimickers 21,25,29…”

Section: Biomarkers Used In Hiv-ks Diagnosis/prognosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers of HIV-associated Cancer

et al. 2014

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Cancer biomarkers have provided great opportunities for improving the management of cancer patients by enhancing the efficiency of early detection, diagnosis, and efficacy of treatment. Every cell type has a unique molecular signature, referred to as biomarkers, which are identifiable characteristics such as levels or activities of a myriad of genes, proteins, or other molecular features. Biomarkers can facilitate the molecular definition of cancer, provide information about the course of cancer, and predict response to chemotherapy. They offer the hope of early detection as well as tracking disease progression and recurrence. Current progress in the characterization of molecular genetics of HIV-associated cancers may form the basis for improved patient stratification and future targeted or individualized therapies. Biomarker use for cancer staging and personalization of therapy at the time of diagnosis could improve patient care. This review focuses on the relevance of biomarkers in the most common HIV-associated malignancies, namely, Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and invasive cervical cancer.

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“…19 Currently our laboratory performs oestrogen, progesterone and HER2 staining for breast cancer treatment following guidelines, 20,21 differentiation of lymphomas using a basic panel of antibodies, 22,23 research-based diagnostics for Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) using latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA-1) and Wilm’s tumour. This work helps to facilitate treatment of patients, avoid treatment of clinically ambiguous presentations of disease as cancer 24 and more efficiently utilise limited treatment resources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of immunohistochemistry services for cancer care in western Kenya: Implications for low- and middle-income countries

Patel¹,

Strother²,

Ndiangui³

et al. 2016

Afr J Lab Med

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BackgroundCancer is becoming a major cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Unlike infectious disease, malignancy and other chronic conditions require significant supportive infrastructure for diagnostics, staging and treatment. In addition to morphologic diagnosis, diagnostic pathways in oncology frequently require immunohistochemistry (IHC) for confirmation. We present the experience of a tertiary-care hospital serving rural western Kenya, which developed and validated an IHC laboratory in support of a growing cancer care service.Objectives, methods and outcomesOver the past decade, in an academic North-South collaboration, cancer services were developed for the catchment area of Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in western Kenya. A major hurdle to treatment of cancer in a resource-limited setting has been the lack of adequate diagnostic services. Building upon the foundations of a histology laboratory, strategic investment and training were used to develop IHC services. Key elements of success in this endeavour included: translation of resource-rich practices to a resource-limited setting, such as using manual, small-batch IHC instead of disposable- and maintenance-intensive automated machinery, engagement of outside expertise to develop reagent-efficient protocols and supporting all levels of staff to meet the requirements of an external quality assurance programme.ConclusionDevelopment of low- and middle-income country models of services, such as the IHC laboratory presented in this paper, is critical for the infrastructure in resource-limited settings to address the growing cancer burden. We provide a low-cost model that effectively develops these necessary services in a challenging laboratory environment.

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Immunostaining for Human Herpesvirus 8 Latent Nuclear Antigen-1 Helps Distinguish Kaposi Sarcoma From Its Mimickers

Cited by 64 publications

References 23 publications

Cavernous Hemangioma-Like Kaposi Sarcoma: Histomorphologic Features and Differential Diagnosis

Cavernous Hemangioma-Like Kaposi Sarcoma: Histomorphologic Features and Differential Diagnosis

Biomarkers of HIV-associated Cancer

Development of immunohistochemistry services for cancer care in western Kenya: Implications for low- and middle-income countries

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