This study presents a disposable,
novel, and sensitive biosensing
system to determine adiponectin, an obesity biomarker, in real human
serum. The graphite paper (GP) working electrode is a new material
for impedimetric biosensors. In the literature, there is no study
in which this electrode is used in impedance-based biosensors for
adiponectin detection. Sensitive and useful techniques, such as electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, were utilized for investigation
of the modification of the GP electrode surface and optimization and
characterization of the constructed biosensor. The single frequency
impedance technique was used to study the interactions between antiadiponectin
and adiponectin. The morphology of the electrode surface for each
immobilization step was examined with scanning electron microscopy.
All experimental parameters were optimized to fabricate a rapid and
sensitive biosensing system. The designed biosensor presents excellent
performance with a wide detection range (0.05–25 pg mL–1) and a low limit of detection (0.0033 pg mL–1) for adiponectin determination. Also, it has been demonstrated that
the biosensor sensitively allows for the detection of adiponectin
in human serum. The affinity of the designed immunosensor toward other
proteins and components was examined in the presence of the target
protein (adiponectin), leptin (100 pg mL–1), creatine
kinase (50 pg mL–1), parathyroid hormone (50 pg
mL–1), and d-glucose (0.5 M). The selectivity
of the adiponectin biosensor resulted in high capacity to neglect
the interference effect. The constructed biosensor showed good linearity,
long-term storage life (10 weeks), high reusability (18 times regenerability),
and high ability to detect adiponectin concentrations at picogram
levels.