Immunosenescence and COVID-19

Witkowski, Jacek M.; Fülöp, Tamás; Bryl, Ewa

doi:10.1016/j.mad.2022.111672

Cited by 44 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…Some of these conditions and smoking can also increase the expression of ACE2, the viral receptor in respiratory tract cells [ 29 ]. Age-related immune system changes (immunosenescence and inflammageing) have been associated with the increased risk of complications and mortality in older persons with COVID-19 [ 30 ]. However, from a physiopathogenic perspective, the confounding or modifying effect of age on the underlying conditions and vice versa must be considered when evaluating their independent risk estimates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Patients’ Epidemiological Characteristics and Comorbidities with Severity and Related Mortality Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results of an Umbrella Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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The objective of this study was to assess the association between patients’ epidemiological characteristics and comorbidities with SARS-CoV-2 infection severity and related mortality risk. An umbrella systematic review, including a meta-analysis examining the association between patients’ underlying conditions and severity (defined as need for hospitalization) and mortality of COVID-19, was performed. Studies were included if they reported pooled risk estimates of at least three underlying determinants for hospitalization, critical disease (ICU admission, mechanical ventilation), and hospital mortality in patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Evidence was summarized as pooled odds ratios (pOR) for disease outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Sixteen systematic reviews investigating the possible associations of comorbidities with severity or death from COVID-19 disease were included. Hospitalization was associated with age > 60 years (pOR 3.50; 95% CI 2.97–4.36), smoking habit (pOR 3.50; 95% CI 2.97–4.36), and chronic pulmonary disease (pOR 2.94; 95% CI 2.14–4.04). Chronic pulmonary disease (pOR 2.82; 95% CI 1.92–4.14), cerebrovascular disease (pOR 2.74; 95% CI 1.59–4.74), and cardiovascular disease (pOR 2.44; 95% CI 1.97–3.01) were likely to be associated with increased risk of critical COVID-19. The highest risk of mortality was associated with cardiovascular disease (pOR 3.59; 95% CI 2.83–4.56), cerebrovascular disease (pOR 3.11; 95% CI 2.35–4.11), and chronic renal disease (pOR 3.02; 95% CI 2.61–3.49). In conclusion, this umbrella systematic review provides a comprehensive summary of meta-analyses examining the impact of patients’ characteristics on COVID-19 outcomes. Elderly patients and those cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and chronic renal disease should be prioritized for pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis and early treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Patients’ Epidemiological Characteristics and Comorbidities with Severity and Related Mortality Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results of an Umbrella Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2022

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“…Ineffectiveness of preventing severe COVID-19 was contributed to modest vaccine effectiveness, which was generally seen with influenza in people older than 65 years. [ 67 , 68 ] Although older populations fail to have an adequate protective response to traditional vaccines due to senescent immune function, [ 69 ] annual influenza vaccination is still a cost-effective way to provide protection for them against severe influenza-associated disease and death. Also, by changing the concentration and composition of the adjuvant in the vaccine, it is preferable to prescribe high-dose inactivated influenza vaccines for the elderly to achieve antibody titers comparable to those in the young.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Jiang

Huang

Jia

et al. 2022

Chinese Medical Journal

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Background: World Health Organization recommends that influenza vaccines should benefit as much of the population as possible, especially where resources are limited. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the greatest threats to health systems worldwide. The present study aimed to extend the evidence of the association between influenza vaccination and COVID-19 to promote the former. Methods: In this systematic review, four electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, were searched for related studies published up to May 2022. All odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by meta-analysis. Results: A total of 36 studies, encompassing 55,996,841 subjects, were included in this study. The meta-analysis for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection provided an OR of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73-0.87). The statistically significant estimates for clinical outcomes were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.72-0.96) for intensive care unit admission, 0.69 (95% CI: 0.57-0.84) for ventilator support, and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.52-0.93) for fatal infection, while no effect seen in hospitalization with an OR of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.68-1.10). Conclusion: Influenza vaccination helps limit SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes, but further studies are needed. Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42022333747.

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“…Several studies have investigated NK cell compartment in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with a different spectrum of clinical manifestations ( 53 ), however our understanding of the potential impact of age-related differences on NK cell compartment in severe adult and elderly COVID-19 patients remains limited ( 37 , 57 )…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-dependent NK cell dysfunctions in severe COVID-19 patients

et al. 2022

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Natural Killer (NK) cells are key innate effectors of antiviral immune response, and their activity changes in ageing and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Here, we investigated the age-related changes of NK cell phenotype and function during SARS-CoV-2 infection, by comparing adult and elderly patients both requiring mechanical ventilation. Adult patients had a reduced number of total NK cells, while elderly showed a peculiar skewing of NK cell subsets towards the CD56lowCD16high and CD56neg phenotypes, expressing activation markers and check-point inhibitory receptors. Although NK cell degranulation ability is significantly compromised in both cohorts, IFN-γ production is impaired only in adult patients in a TGF-β−dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was associated with a shorter hospitalization time of adult patients suggesting a role for TGF-β in preventing an excessive NK cell activation and systemic inflammation. Our data highlight an age-dependent role of NK cells in shaping SARS-CoV-2 infection toward a pathophysiological evolution.

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Immunosenescence and COVID-19

Cited by 44 publications

References 146 publications

Association of Patients’ Epidemiological Characteristics and Comorbidities with Severity and Related Mortality Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results of an Umbrella Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Association of Patients’ Epidemiological Characteristics and Comorbidities with Severity and Related Mortality Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results of an Umbrella Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Association between influenza vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection and its outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis

Age-dependent NK cell dysfunctions in severe COVID-19 patients

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