Immunoregulatory Role of Thymus

Dąbrowski, Marek; Dabrowska-Bernstein, Barbara K.

doi:10.1201/9780429273193

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…As one of the key immunological organs, the thymus is an essential organ for the generation of the adaptive immune system and involves the differentiation and maturation of T lymphocytes (T cells) [ 1 ]. The thymus is also an organ of the endocrine system and by using the thymic hormone and thymosin, it regulates immune function [ 2 ]. The organ and thymic hormone have synergistic or antagonistic actions within several endocrine glands [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The thymus is also an organ of the endocrine system and by using the thymic hormone and thymosin, it regulates immune function [ 2 ]. The organ and thymic hormone have synergistic or antagonistic actions within several endocrine glands [ 2 ]. In most mammals, a peculiar feature of the thymus is that it shrinks or disappears as an individual gets older.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profile Indicates Potential Epigenetic Regulation of Aging in the Rhesus Macaque Thymus

Qiu

Fan

et al. 2022

IJMS

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We analyzed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA sequencing data of two young (1 year old) and two adult (9 years old) rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) to characterize the genomic DNA methylation profile of the thymus and explore the molecular mechanism of age-related changes in the thymus. Combining the two-omics data, we identified correlations between DNA methylation and gene expression and found that DNA methylation played an essential role in the functional changes of the aging thymus, especially in immunity and coagulation. The hypomethylation levels of C3 and C5AR2 and the hypermethylation level of C7 may lead to the high expressions of these genes in adult rhesus macaque thymuses, thus activating the classical complement pathway and the alternative pathway and enhancing their innate immune function. Adult thymuses had an enhanced coagulation pathway, which may have resulted from the hypomethylation and upregulated expressions of seven coagulation-promoting factor genes (F13A1, CLEC4D, CLEC4E, FCN3, PDGFRA, FGF2 and FGF7) and the hypomethylation and low expression of CPB2 to inhibit the degradation of blood clots. Furthermore, the functional decline in differentiation, activation and maturation of T cells in adult thymuses was also closely related to the changes in methylation levels and gene expression levels of T cell development genes (CD3G, GAD2, ADAMDEC1 and LCK) and the thymogenic hormone gene TMPO. A comparison of the age-related methylated genes among four mammal species revealed that most of the epigenetic clocks were species-specific. Furthermore, based on the genomic landscape of allele-specific DNA methylation, we identified several age-related clustered sequence-dependent allele-specific DNA methylated (cS-ASM) genes. Overall, these DNA methylation patterns may also help to assist with understanding the mechanisms of the aging thymus with the epigenome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profile Indicates Potential Epigenetic Regulation of Aging in the Rhesus Macaque Thymus

Qiu

Fan

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Basic ECG criteria of the diagnosis include: extension of the QRS complex over 0.12 s; atrioventricular dissociation; and QRS morphology. Signs of the ventricular origin of the arrhythmia include: QRS complexes with the features of right bundle branch block in the V1 lead, single-phase with wide and high R wave, two-phased type qR, or RS, or Rsr; QRS complexes with the features left bundle branch block with widened and low R wave in V1; the consistent and positive direction of QRS complexes in V1-V6 leads; and QS complexes in II, III, aVF or V5-V6 [7]. Gra dual cerebral hypoxia is caused as a result of haemodynamic instability features in a VT patient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Issue of Aggression in Patients With Ventricular Tachycardia With Pulse and a Short Episode of Cardiac Arrest — A Case of a 68-Year-Old Male

Baginski

Nadolny

Ładny

et al. 2017

Disaster Emerg Med J

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INTRODUCTION: Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening event. The role of the medical rescue team is to diagnose this disorder on the basis of resuscitation guidelines and general recommendations concerning ECG diagnoses. Patients with ventricular tachycardia, as a result of cerebral hypoxia, may react with aggression. In such situations, taking one's medical history, conducting a physical examination or attempting emergency rescue operations may become difficult, or even impossible. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the paper is to demonstrate the issue of unintentional aggression that may occur in patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) with a high heart rate and a short episode of cardiac arrest (CA), and the impact of such a disorder on attempted medical rescue operations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis of the case study was performed on the basis of medical documentation, i.e. an emergency dispatch order and an emergency medical services form. CASE DESCRIPTION: A medical emergency unit stationed at one of the substations in Łódź Province, 27 km away from a multidisciplinary hospital, received a call from a medical dispatcher. The person calling emergency services requested the urgent arrival of an ambulance for her husband, who had suddenly passed out and was now lying on the kitchen floor showing no signs of life. In the course of the ambulance's arrival at the location, the patient's wife urged the ambulance to arrive soon, on account of her husband's aggressive behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac dysrhythmia and particularly ventricular tachycardia (VT) may constitute a serious health issue for the patient. The clinical picture may also vary across patients. An analysis of the case study demonstrates that medical personnel must be prepared to handle unconventional scenarios. The article shows that the procedure of cardioversion may be the only right choice when handling a patient with an unstable tachycardia.

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