Immunoregulatory Role of Cannabinoids during Infectious Disease

Hernández-Cervantes, Rosalía; Méndez-Dı́az, Mónica; Prospéro-Garcı́a, Oscar; Morales‐Montor, Jorge

doi:10.1159/000481824

Cited by 68 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…It is generally accepted that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of the membrane cannabinoid receptors (cannabinoid receptor type 1 [CB1R] and type 2 [CB2R]), endogenous ligands (endcannabinoids), and enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of ligands (18). The collaboration of the ECS in the management and elimination of infectious agents such as viruses, bacteria, and some protozoa is indicated previously (19). Scientific researchers recently showed that the activation of the ECS relieves pain and reduces inflammation in the lungs.…”

Section: Oleoylethanolamidementioning

confidence: 99%

Oleoylethanolamide, A Bioactive Lipid Amide, as A Promising Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus/COVID-19

Ghaffari

Roshanravan

Ostadrahimi

et al. 2020

Archives of Medical Research

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E20_423 2 (WHO) as a global pandemic. With the emergence of the COVID-19 virus and considering the lack of effective pharmaceutical treatment for it, there is an urgent need to identify safe and effective drugs or potential adjuvant therapy in this regard. Bioactive lipids with an array of known healthpromoting properties can be suggested as effective agents in alleviating acute respiratory stress induced by virus. The bioactive lipid amide, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), due to several distinctive homeostatic properties, including anti-inflammatory activities, modulation of immune response, and anti-oxidant effects can be considered as a novel potential pharmacological alternative for the management of COVID-19.

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Section: Oleoylethanolamidementioning

confidence: 99%

Oleoylethanolamide, A Bioactive Lipid Amide, as A Promising Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus/COVID-19

Ghaffari

Roshanravan

Ostadrahimi

et al. 2020

Archives of Medical Research

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“…Enzymes in ECS are involved in synthesis and degradation of EC. CB1 and CB2 are activated by various substances such as EC or phytocannabinoids that occur naturally in the cannabis plant or synthetic cannabinoids [12]. The ECS is involved in the regulation of several physiological processes, including sleep and the immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential combinations of endocannabinoid/endocannabinoid-like compounds and antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2020

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Infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus have reached epidemic proportions globally. Our previous study showed antimicrobial effects of anandamide (AEA) and arachidonoyl serine (AraS) against methicillin (MET)-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, proposing the therapeutic potential of these endocannabinoid/endocannabinoid-like (EC/EC-like) agents for the treatment of MRSA. Here, we investigated the potential synergism of combinations of AEA and AraS with different types of antibiotics against MRSA grown under planktonic growth or biofilm formation. The most effective combinations under planktonic conditions were mixtures of AEA and ampicillin (AMP), and of AraS and gentamicin (GEN). The combination with the highest synergy in the biofilm formation against all tested bacterial strains was AEA and MET. Moreover, the combination of AraS and MET synergistically caused default of biofilm formation. Slime production of MRSA was also dramatically impaired by AEA or AraS combined with MET. Our data suggest the novel potential activity of combinations of EC/EC-like agents and antibiotics in the prevention of MRSA biofilm formation.

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“…Chiurchiu et al, in a similar study, proved a decrease in the IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-α levels in dendritic cells [45]. In regard with the antimicrobial activity of Cannabis sativa extracts, studies have reported antimicrobial characteristics targeting gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus, and Baccilus subtilus) and gramnegative bacteria (Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas savastanoe), as well as an antifungal activity (Aspergilus niger) [40,[78][79][80][81]. Appendino et al also proved an increased antimicrobial activity for Δ9-THC and CBD on Staphylococcus aureus [82].…”

Section: The Cannabinoid Signaling System and Inflammation-linked Witmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cannabis Sativa Revisited - Crosstalk between microRNAs Expression, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Endocannabinoid Response System in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis

Rogobete¹,

Bratu²,

Bedreag³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Critically ill patients with sepsis require a multidisciplinary approach, as this situation implies multiorgan distress, with most of the bodily biochemical and cellular systems being affected by the condition. Moreover, sepsis is characterized by a multitude of biochemical interactions and by dynamic changes of the immune system. At the moment, there is a gap in our understanding of the cellular, genetic, and molecular mechanisms involved in sepsis. One of the systems intensely studied in recent years is the endocannabinoid signaling pathway, as light was shed over a series of important interactions of cannabinoid receptors with biochemical pathways, specifically for sepsis. Furthermore, a series of important implications on inflammation and the immune system that are induced by the activity of cannabinoid receptors stimulated by the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have been noticed. One of the most important is their ability to reduce the biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators and the modulation of immune mechanisms. Different studies have reported that cannabinoids can reduce oxidative stress at mitochondrial and cellular levelsThe aim of this review paper was to present, in detail, the important mechanisms modulated by the endocannabinoid signaling pathway, as well as of the molecular and cellular links it has with sepsis. At the same time, we wish to present the possible implications of cannabinoids in the most important biological pathways involved in sepsis, such as inflammation, redox activity, immune system, and epigenetic expression. cascade and in the evolution of sepsis are represented by the inflammatory response, immune response, and redox activity, followed by the involvement of cellular defects, which all lead to severe organ dysfunction. Adding to this phenomenon are severe respiratory infections; tissue hypoxia; acute kidney injury (AKI); metabolic imbalances; and, last but not least, derangements of the biological system as a whole. Through the augmentation of the inflammatory status and through the concomitant derangement of several organ functions, a high percentage of critical patients with sepsis develop multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), and finally death [8,[10][11][12].Numerous biochemical and cellular systems involved in sepsis pathogenesis have been studied, both in order to better understand these complex mechanisms, and in the hope of finding new therapeutic targets. The endocannabinoid response system is one of them. Recent studies have shown the involvement of specific endocannabinoid receptors, such as endocannabinoid CB1 receptor and CB2 receptor, as well as their link with important processes in sepsis, such as the immune response, inflammatory response, and redox activity [13]. Furthermore, a series of implications on the epigenetic processes have also been proven, through the change in the microRNAs expression, the microRNAs responsible for the modulation of the immune, and inflammatory systems [14]. It was also shown that by stimulatin...

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Immunoregulatory Role of Cannabinoids during Infectious Disease

Cited by 68 publications

References 103 publications

Oleoylethanolamide, A Bioactive Lipid Amide, as A Promising Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus/COVID-19

Oleoylethanolamide, A Bioactive Lipid Amide, as A Promising Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus/COVID-19

Potential combinations of endocannabinoid/endocannabinoid-like compounds and antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cannabis Sativa Revisited - Crosstalk between microRNAs Expression, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Endocannabinoid Response System in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis

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