Immunoreactivity pattern of monoclonal antibodies against Hepatitis B vaccine with global Hepatitis B virus genotypes

Golsaz‐Shirazi, Forough; Asadi-Asadabad, Sahar; Sarvnaz, Hamzeh; Amiri, Mohammad Mehdi; Hojjat‐Farsangi, Mohammad; Chudy, M.; Jeddi-Tehrani, Mahmood; Shokri, Fazel

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.026

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This variant was reported to be associated with the failure of Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) prophylaxis [ 37 ] and, recently, with impaired binding to anti-HBs monoclonal antibodies. However, the latter was observed for the HBsAg variant carrying a double substitution, T118A/P127T [ 38 ]. As such, it is still unknown whether the T118A substitution is a true immune-escape variant, or just a natural polymorphism that has no impact on evasion from vaccine-induced immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Vaccination and Post-Infection Immunity to the Hepatitis B Virus and Circulation of Immune-Escape Variants in the Russian Federation 20 Years after the Start of Mass Vaccination

et al. 2023

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A neonatal vaccination against the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was initiated in Russia 20 years ago, with catch-up immunization for adolescents and adults under the age of 60 years launched in 2006. Here, we have assessed the humoral immunity to HBV in different regions of Russia, as well as the infection frequency following 20 years of a nationwide vaccination campaign. We have also evaluated the role of immune-escape variants in continuing HBV circulation. A total of 36,149 healthy volunteers from nine regions spanning the Russian Federation from west to east were tested for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to HBV capsid protein (anti-HBc), and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs). HBV sequences from 481 chronic Hepatitis B patients collected from 2018–2022 were analyzed for HBsAg immune-escape variants, compared with 205 sequences obtained prior to 2010. Overall, the HBsAg detection rate was 0.8%, with this level significantly exceeded only in one study region, the Republic of Dagestan (2.4%, p < 0.0001). Among the generation vaccinated at birth, the average HBsAg detection rate was below 0.3%, ranging from 0% to 0.7% depending on the region. The anti-HBc detection rate in subjects under 20 years was 7.4%, indicating ongoing HBV circulation. The overall proportion of participants under 20 years with vaccine-induced HBV immunity (anti-HBs positive, anti-HBc negative) was 41.7% but below 10% in the Tuva Republic and below 25% in the Sverdlovsk and Kaliningrad regions. The overall prevalence of immune-escape HBsAg variants was 25.2% in sequences obtained from 2018–2022, similar to the prevalence of 25.8% in sequences collected prior to 2010 (p > 0.05). The population dynamics of immune-escape variants predicted by Bayesian analysis have remained stable over the last 20 years, indicating the absence of vaccine-driven positive selection. In contrast, the wild-type HBV population size experienced a rapid decrease starting in the mid-1990s, following the introduction of mass immunization, but it subsequently began to recover, reaching pre-vaccination levels by 2020. Taken together, these data indicate that it is gaps in vaccination, and not virus evolution, that may be responsible for the continued virus circulation despite 20 years of mass vaccination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Vaccination and Post-Infection Immunity to the Hepatitis B Virus and Circulation of Immune-Escape Variants in the Russian Federation 20 Years after the Start of Mass Vaccination

et al. 2023

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“…Since geographical distribution is different among the 10 genotypes of HBV, the HBV‐A2 vaccine, dominant in North America, Northwestern Europe, India, and Africa, may not provide adequate protection for countries whose predominant genotypes are B or C. Although the α determinant was highly conserved, there has been evidence to question the cross‐protection between different genotypes. Research suggested that 10 out of 21 A2 genotype‐specific monoclonal HBV surface antibodies showed moderate to profound loss of reactivity with HBV genotypes D2, E, F2, and H 56 . Another in vitro infection model demonstrated that polyclonal HBV surface antibodies harbored from sera of genotype A or C HBV vaccinated individuals could bind to non‐vaccinated genotype HBV 57 .…”

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research suggested that 10 out of 21 A2 genotype-specific monoclonal HBV surface antibodies showed moderate to profound loss of reactivity with HBV genotypes D2, E, F2, and H. 56 Another in vitro infection model demonstrated that polyclonal HBV surface antibodies harbored from sera of genotype A or C HBV vaccinated individuals could bind to non-vaccinated genotype HBV. 57 However, this study also suggested these cross-reactive antibodies were tested at low titters, which may provide invalid or inefficient protection.…”

Section: Several Mechanisms Of the Hbv Vaccine Escapementioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccine escape challenges virus prevention: The example of two vaccine‐preventable oncogenic viruses

Qu,

Sui,

2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Over the years, the pace of developing vaccines for HBV and HPV has never stopped. After more than 30 years of application, the HBV vaccine has reduced 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, vaccine escape variants occur under selective pressure induced by widespread vaccination and antiviral therapy, which results in fulminant infection and horizontal transmission. Several mechanisms have been studied to explain HBV vaccine escape, including vaccine escape mutations (VEMs) in the major hydrophilic region, which leads to a decrease in the binding ability to neutralize antibodies and is the primary escape mechanism, protein conformational and N‐linked glycosylation sites changes caused by VEMs, differences in genotype distribution, gene recombination, and some temporarily unknown reasons. However, effective solutions are still being explored. The HPV vaccine has also been proven to prevent 70%–90% of cervical cancer worldwide. Cases of HPV infection after being vaccinated have been observed in clinical practice. However, few researchers have paid attention to the mechanism of HPV vaccine escape. Thus, we reviewed the literature on vaccine escape of both HBV and HPV to discuss the mechanism of the virus escaping from vaccine protection and possible solutions to this problem. We analyzed the gap between studies of HPV and HBV and made prospects for further research in HPV vaccine escape.

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Strategies for the development of hepatitis B virus vaccines

Battioui

Malki²,

Barrijal

2023

Oncogenic Viruses

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Immunoreactivity pattern of monoclonal antibodies against Hepatitis B vaccine with global Hepatitis B virus genotypes

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Post-Vaccination and Post-Infection Immunity to the Hepatitis B Virus and Circulation of Immune-Escape Variants in the Russian Federation 20 Years after the Start of Mass Vaccination

Post-Vaccination and Post-Infection Immunity to the Hepatitis B Virus and Circulation of Immune-Escape Variants in the Russian Federation 20 Years after the Start of Mass Vaccination

Vaccine escape challenges virus prevention: The example of two vaccine‐preventable oncogenic viruses

Strategies for the development of hepatitis B virus vaccines

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