Immunoreactivity and neutralization efficacy of Pakistani Viper Antivenom (PVAV) against venoms of Saw-scaled Vipers (Echis carinatus subspp.) and Western Russell's Vipers (Daboia russelii) from the Indian subcontinent

Lim, Andy Shing Seng; Tan, Kae Yi; Tan, Choo Hock

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107099

Acta Tropica

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107099

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Immunoreactivity and neutralization efficacy of Pakistani Viper Antivenom (PVAV) against venoms of Saw-scaled Vipers (Echis carinatus subspp.) and Western Russell's Vipers (Daboia russelii) from the Indian subcontinent

Andy Shing Seng Lim,

Kae Yi Tan,

Choo Hock Tan

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Proteomic diversity of Russell's viper venom: exploring PLA2 isoforms, pharmacological effects, and inhibitory approaches

Srinivasan,

Nampoothiri,

Khandibharad

et al. 2024

Arch Toxicol

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Snakebite envenomation is a serious health concern in tropical regions, resulting in high mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it a neglected tropical disease and is working on strategies to reduce mortality. Russell’s viper (Daboia russelii) is one of the most abundant venomous snakes found across Southeast Asia. Proteomic analysis of Russell’s viper venom has demonstrated variation, with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) being the most abundant toxin across geographic boundaries. PLA2, a major constituent of the low-molecular-weight fraction of snake venom, hydrolyses phospholipids at the sn-2 position, releasing arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids. They are reported to cause various pharmacological effects, including hemolysis, anticoagulation, neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, and oedema. Though administration of antivenoms (ASV) is the primary treatment for envenomation, it has many drawbacks. Besides causing hypersensitivity reactions and life-threatening anaphylaxis, treatment with ASV is further complicated due to its inability to neutralize low-molecular-weight toxins. Thus, there is a greater need to produce next-generation antivenoms that can target specific toxins in the venom. In this review, we explored the classification of Russell’s viper and the variation in its proteomic profile across Southeast Asia to date. In addition, we have also summarized the mechanism of action of PLA2 and discussed various isoforms of PLA2 found across different regions with their respective pharmacological effects. Finally, the drawbacks of commercially available antivenoms and the molecules investigated for inhibiting the low-molecular-weight toxin, PLA2 are discussed.

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Proteomic diversity of Russell's viper venom: exploring PLA2 isoforms, pharmacological effects, and inhibitory approaches

Srinivasan,

Nampoothiri,

Khandibharad

et al. 2024

Arch Toxicol

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Indian green pit vipers: A lesser-known snake group of north-east India

Thakur,

Giri,

Lalremsanga

et al. 2024

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Immunoreactivity and neutralization efficacy of Pakistani Viper Antivenom (PVAV) against venoms of Saw-scaled Vipers (Echis carinatus subspp.) and Western Russell's Vipers (Daboia russelii) from the Indian subcontinent

Cited by 2 publications

References 49 publications

Proteomic diversity of Russell's viper venom: exploring PLA2 isoforms, pharmacological effects, and inhibitory approaches

Proteomic diversity of Russell's viper venom: exploring PLA2 isoforms, pharmacological effects, and inhibitory approaches

Indian green pit vipers: A lesser-known snake group of north-east India

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