Immunoreactive somatostatin in the rat retina: Light microscopic immunocytochemistry and chromatographic characterization

Somatostatin in rat retina: Localization by in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry.

“…While data from gel chromatography and radioimmunoassays suggested occurrence of two forms of somatostatin (SS-14 and SS-28) in the vertebrate retina, rat retina contains only SS-14 form (Rorstad et al 1979). The issue of identification of somatostatin labeled soma in the ganglion cell layer has been addressed by previous studies (Kirsch and Leonhardt 1979;Lin et al 1983;Sagar et al 1985). Our observations are consistent with the assertion that amacrine cells and a subpopulation of cells in the ganglion cell layer (displaced amacrine cells) contain somatostatin.…”

“…For example, Krisch and Leonhardt (1979) reported specific immunostaining for somatostatin in horizontal and amacrine cells, and large neurons of the ganglion cells layer. Lin et al (1983) found immunostained cell bodies in the outer nuclear layer, and Sagar et al (1985) reported specific somatostatin staining in some cells in the innermost lamina of the inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell layer. In order to resolve the observed disparities, we have used a combined method which allows in situ hybridization histochemistry and immunocytochemistry in the same tissue as proposed by Shivers et al (1986).…”

Cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive amacrine cells in the rat retina

“…Perikarya of one type of neuropeptide Y-IR amacrine cell and one type of glucagon-IR amacrine cell in turtles are both restricted to the far peripheral retina, like the gCCK-IR cells we describe in the rat (Wetzel & Eldred, 1997). Somatostatin-IR amacrine cells are distributed nonuniformly in rats (Sagar et al, 1985), humans (Sagar & Marshall, 1988), and rabbits (Sagar, 1987). In rabbits, their perikarya are found in the inferior retina and in the extreme periphery of all quadrants of the retina.…”

Somatostatin and somatostatin subtype 2A expression in the mammalian retina

“…In the rat, guinea pig, cat, rabbit, tree shrew, monkey, and human retina, SRIF immunoreactivity is predominantly expressed by wide-field amacrine cells which are characterized by widely distributed processes that ramify in the IPL (Chun et al, 1992;Engelmann and Peichl, 1996;Larsen et al, 1990;Marshak, 1989;Rickman et al, 1996;Sagar et al, 1985;Sagar and Marshall, 1988;Spira et al, 1984;Tornqvist et al, 1982;White et al, 1990). In some of these species, including the cat and tree shrew, SRIF immunoreactivity is also localized to a few ganglion cells (White and Chalupa, 1991;Engelmann and Peichl, 1996).…”