Immunoreactive gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain and pituitary of adult and juvenile swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri, Teleostei, Poeciliidae)

Breuckmann, Andreas; Paris, Frank; Schreibman, Martin P.; Blüm, Volker

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199610)230:1<55::aid-jmor5>3.3.co;2-b

Cited by 4 publications

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“…47 If extended to Xiphophorus, the HPG axis and its many components might act as a neuroendocrine intermediary between dominance status and maturational delay or status-dependent behavioral modifications. 48,49 The 1980s saw X. helleri emerge as a model candidate for investigating endocrine responses to social isolation, winning, or losing aggressive contests. In particular, this species was used to assess whether dominant and subordinate animals exhibited differential cortisol and androgen release following a fight (Table 1; Refs.…”

Section: Neuroendocrine Systems: Regulators and Responders To Social mentioning

confidence: 99%

Xiphophorus: Carving a Niche Towards a Broader Understanding of Aggression and Dominance

Earley

2006

Zebrafish

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A review of some exciting new directions for Xiphophorus research in behavioral ecology and integrative animal behavior is presented. The primary objective of this review is to identify areas of research in this teleost genus that, if studied further, could yield insights into the manifold causes and consequences of dominance encounters that will have broad relevance in the behavioral biology community. First described is the phenomenon of social eavesdropping--the ability of animals to extract information from signaling interactions between others-as it applies to Xiphophorus systems, and how exploring the context--dependency of individual responses to watching fights will be of benefit. A brief discussion follows of the overwhelming tendency for research on Xiphophorus to focus on individual responses to visual cues available in their social environment, and to promote advancements towards a multimodal approach to understanding social dynamics. Lastly, historical studies on neuroendocrinology in this genus are reviewed, and recent advances in the molecular realm are highlighted that might serve as a springboard for integrative research addressing the behavioral impacts of direct (overt fighting) and indirect (eavesdropping) experiences in Xiphophorus.

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Section: Neuroendocrine Systems: Regulators and Responders To Social mentioning

confidence: 99%

Xiphophorus: Carving a Niche Towards a Broader Understanding of Aggression and Dominance

Earley

2006

Zebrafish

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“…Live-bearing fishes of the genus Xiphophorus are widely used in diverse areas of contemporary scientific research, including evolution [1,2], sex determination [3][4][5], endocrinology [6,7], ethology and behavioral ecology [8][9][10][11], toxicology [12,13], parasitology [14,15], immunology [16,17], and cancer genetics [18,19]. In addition to their value as experimental models for biomedical research, swordtails and platyfish are also valued as ornamental fish because of vibrant body coloration and a long sword-like tail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretically estimated optimal cooling rate for the cryopreservation of sperm cells from a live-bearing fish, the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri

et al. 2005

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Sperm cryopreservation of live-bearing fishes, such as those of the genus Xiphophorus is only beginning to be studied, although these fishes are valuable models for biomedical research and are commercially raised as ornamental fish for use in aquariums. To explore optimization of techniques for sperm cryopreservation of these fishes, this study measured the volumetric shrinkage response during freezing of sperm cells of Xiphophorus helleri by use of a shape-independent differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique. Volumetric shrinkage during freezing of X. helleri sperm cell suspensions was obtained in the presence of extracellular ice at a cooling rate of 20 degrees C/min in three different media: (1) Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) without cryoprotective agents (CPAs); (2) HBSS with 14% (v/v) glycerol; and (3) HBSS with 10% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The sperm cell was modeled as a cylinder of 33.3 microm in length and 0.59 microm in diameter with an osmotically inactive cell volume (V(b)) of 0.6V(o), where V(o) is the isotonic or initial cell volume. By fitting a model of water transport to the experimentally determined volumetric shrinkage data, the best-fit membrane permeability parameters (reference membrane permeability to water, L(pg) or L(pg)[cpa] and the activation energy, E(Lp) or E(Lp)[cpa]) of the Xiphophorus helleri sperm cell membrane were determined. The best-fit membrane permeability parameters at 20 degrees C/min in the absence of CPAs were: L(pg)=0.776 x 10(-15)m3/Ns (0.0046 microm/min atm), and E(Lp)=50.1 kJ/mol (11.97 kcal/mol) (R2=0.997). The corresponding parameters in the presence of 14% glycerol were L(pg)[cpa]=1.063 x 10(-15)m3/Ns (0.0063 microm/min atm), and E(Lp)[cpa]=83.81 kJ/mol (20.04 kcal/mol) (R2=0.997). The parameters in the presence of 10% DMSO were L(pg)[cpa]=1.4 x 10(-15)m3/Ns (0.0083 microm/min atm), and E(Lp)[cpa]=90.96 kJ/mol (21.75 kcal/mol) (R2=0.996). Parameters obtained in this study suggested that the optimal rate of cooling for X. helleri sperm cells in the presence of CPAs ranged from 20 to 35 degrees C/min and were in close agreement with recently published, empirically determined optimal cooling rates.

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“…Species of live-bearing fishes of the genus Xiphophorus can be hybridized and are widely used in diverse areas of contemporary scientific research, including evolution [1,2], sex determination [3][4][5], endocrinology [6,7], ethology and behavioral ecology [8][9][10][11], toxicology [12,13], parasitology [14,15], immunology [16,17], and cancer genetics [18][19][20]. In the 1920s, Myron Gordon published a report showing that hybrids between the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus and the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri developed cancers virtually identical to malignant melanomas in man (for review see [20]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial studies on sperm cryopreservation of a live-bearing fish, the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri

et al. 2004

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Swordtails and platyfish of the genus Xiphophorus are valuable models for biomedical research and are also commercially raised as ornamental fish valued by aquarists. While research use and commercial interest increases yearly in these fish, cryopreservation of sperm is unexplored in this genus. Xiphophorus are live-bearing fishes characterized by small body sizes, limited sperm volumes, and internal fertilization, an atypical reproductive mode for fish. These attributes make research involving cryopreservation of Xiphophorus germplasm challenging. To explore methods for sperm cryopreservation, this study evaluated the effect of different loading volumes of sperm suspension in 0.25-ml French straws, different dilution ratios of sperm to extender, an osmolality range of extender without cryoprotectant and with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectant, and short-term storage at room temperature and 4 °C after thawing. No significant difference in sperm motility due to straw loading volume was observed after thawing. Sperm motility was observed to decrease with increasing dilution. The osmolality of Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) without cryoprotectant in which the highest sperm motility (67%) was observed was 320 ± 3 mOsm/kg, which was also the osmolality of X. helleri blood plasma. When cryopreserved with 10% DMSO, however, the highest motilities within 10 min after thawing were observed with HBSS in the range of 240-300 mOsm/kg. Sperm suspended in HBSS at 320 mOsm/kg with a dilution factor of 100 maintained motility for 24 h at room temperature, but persisted for 10 days when stored at 4 °C. These results provided the first evidence that cryopreservation may be applied to conservation of genetic resources in live-bearing fishes.

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Immunoreactive gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain and pituitary of adult and juvenile swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri, Teleostei, Poeciliidae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Xiphophorus: Carving a Niche Towards a Broader Understanding of Aggression and Dominance

Xiphophorus: Carving a Niche Towards a Broader Understanding of Aggression and Dominance

A theoretically estimated optimal cooling rate for the cryopreservation of sperm cells from a live-bearing fish, the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri

Initial studies on sperm cryopreservation of a live-bearing fish, the green swordtail Xiphophorus helleri

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