Immunoreactive Erythropoietin in Teleosts, Amphibians, Reptiles, and Birds

Wickramasinghe, Sunitha N.; Shiels, Stefanie M.; Wickramasinghe, Pulasthi

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb55742.x

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…For example, mosquitos that do not produce red blood cells are furnished with HIF pathway components including PHD‐1 42 . In addition, the fact that EPO‐like genes are found in invertebrates suggests that an EPO‐like protein evolved about 550 million years ago 43,44 and indicates that this O 2 ‐dependent EPO pathway has been kept and continued to be modified by evolution. Along these lines, rhEPO induced protection and enhanced regeneration of neuronal cells isolated from grasshoppers 44 …”

Section: Inspiratory or Functional Hypoxia And The Brain Erythropoiet...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting moderate hypoxia to benefit patients with brain disease: Molecular mechanisms and translational research in progress

Ehrenreich¹,

Gassmann

Poustka

et al. 2023

Neuroprotection

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Hypoxia is increasingly recognized as an important physiological driving force. A specific transcriptional program, induced by a decrease in oxygen (O2) availability, for example, inspiratory hypoxia at high altitude, allows cells to adapt to lower O2 and limited energy metabolism. This transcriptional program is partly controlled by and partly independent of hypoxia‐inducible factors. Remarkably, this same transcriptional program is stimulated in the brain by extensive motor‐cognitive exercise, leading to a relative decrease in O2 supply, compared to the acutely augmented O2 requirement. We have coined the term “functional hypoxia” for this important demand‐responsive, relative reduction in O2 availability. Functional hypoxia seems to be critical for enduring adaptation to higher physiological challenge that includes substantial “brain hardware upgrade,” underlying advanced performance. Hypoxia‐induced erythropoietin expression in the brain likely plays a decisive role in these processes, which can be imitated by recombinant human erythropoietin treatment. This article review presents hints of how inspiratory O2 manipulations can potentially contribute to enhanced brain function. It thereby provides the ground for exploiting moderate inspiratory plus functional hypoxia to treat individuals with brain disease. Finally, it sketches a planned multistep pilot study in healthy volunteers and first patients, about to start, aiming at improved performance upon motor‐cognitive training under inspiratory hypoxia.

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Section: Inspiratory or Functional Hypoxia And The Brain Erythropoiet...mentioning

confidence: 99%