Immunoproteomic technology offers an extraordinary diagnostic approach for Toxoplasma gondii infection

El‐Ashram, Saeed; Yin, Qianqian; Barta, John R.; Khan, Jahangir; Liu, Xianyong; Suo, Xun

doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2015.09.011

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Hence, effective treatment are needed for all infected cells to avoid cyst formation [8]. Still, current treatment choices for patients with toxoplasmosis are restricted [9]. These comprise the usage of antibiotics and anti-malarial drugs, which often source to side effects, as well as rashes and bone marrow suppression [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Toxoplasmaactivity of silver nanoparticles green synthesized withPhoenix dactyliferaandZiziphus spina-christiextracts which inhibits inflammation through liver regulation of cytokines in Balb/c mice

et al. 2019

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Toxoplasmosis constitutes a global infection caused by oblige intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Although often asymptomatic, infection can result in more severe, potentially life threatening symptoms particularly in immunocompromised individuals. The present study evaluated the anti-Toxoplasma effects in experimental animals of silver nanoparticles synthesized in combination with extracts of natural plants (Phoenix dactylifera and Ziziphus spina-christi) as an alternative method to standard sulfadiazine drug therapy. Liver functions estimated by and AST and ALT were significantly increased in T. gondii-infected mice compared with the control group as well as hepatic nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and caused significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione activities in the liver homogenates. Nanoparticles pretreatment prevented liver damage as determined by enzyme activity inhibition, in addition to significant inhibition of hepatic NO levels and significant elevation in liver SOD and CAT activities. Moreover, nanoparticle treatment significantly decreased hepatic LPO and NO concentrations and proinflammatory cytokines but significantly boosted the antioxidant enzyme activity of liver homogenate. In addition, histological examinations showed distinct alterations in the infected compared with untreated control groups. Conversely, nanoparticles pretreatment showed improvement in the histological features indicated by slight infiltration and fibrosis, minimal pleomorphism and less hepatocyte and degeneration. Furthermore, nanoparticles treatment induced a reduction in immunoreactivity to TGF-β and NF-κB in hepatic tissues. Therefore, the present study provides new insights into various natural plants that are used traditionally for the treatment of toxoplasmosis and other parasitic infections, which may be useful as alternative treatment option for T. gondii infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Toxoplasmaactivity of silver nanoparticles green synthesized withPhoenix dactyliferaandZiziphus spina-christiextracts which inhibits inflammation through liver regulation of cytokines in Balb/c mice

et al. 2019

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“…Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that chronically infects the central nervous system (CNS) of up to one-third of the human population in the world (1). Humans get infected with such disease by ingesting water or food contaminated with oocysts shed by cats or consumption of raw or undercooked meat containing a tissue cyst or congenitally by transplacental transmission of tachyzoites (2). Upon infection with T. gondii , fast-replicating tachyzoites infect a wide range of host cells, including neurons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neurotropic Parasite Toxoplasma gondii Induces Astrocyte Polarization Through NFκB Pathway

et al. 2019

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Background: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that chronically infects nearly one-third of the world's human population. In immunosuppressed individuals and fetus, infection with T. gondii contributes to a series of devastating conditions, including toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE), which is characterized by neuron damage in the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocyte polarization is currently found in some neurodegenerative diseases, and A1 subtype of astrocyte leads to neuron apoptosis. However, little information has been available on the role of astrocyte polarization in TE.Methods: In the present study, we established a mouse model to study TE and detected A1 astrocyte in the brains of mice with TE. Expression level of A1 astrocyte-specific marker C3 was evaluated using indirect fluorescent assay (IFA) and Western blotting. Primary mouse astrocytes were incubated with different concentrations of T. gondii excreted-secreted antigens (TgESAs) in vitro. Expression level of C3 and A1 astrocyte-specific transcription levels were assessed using Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. Bay11-7082 was used to study nuclear factor (NF) κB pathway in TgESA-induced astrocyte polarization.Results: In mice with TE, the proportion of A1 astrocyte (GFAP+C3+) increased significantly. The results of in vitro study showed that TgESAs induced astrocyte polarization to A1 subtype. Blocking of NFκB pathway by Bay11-7082 inhibited TgESA-induced astrocyte polarization.Conclusions: Our preliminary study showed the involvement of A1 astrocyte in the process of TE in mice, and TgESAs could trigger astrocyte to polarize to A1 subtype. These findings suggest a new mechanism underlying the neuropathogenesis induced by T. gondii infection.

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“…[15] Bradyzoites, which are viewed as dormant, poorly replicating or nonreplicating entities, were found to be surprisingly active and showed capacity of growth. [16] Increased submacular choroidal thickness was seen in active, isolated, and extramacular toxoplasmosis. [17] Recurrences in retinochoroiditis are common as satellite lesions, and coexisting choroidal neovascularization is an important presentation of the same.…”

Section: Toxoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on pathology of ocular parasitic disease

Das

Ramachandra

Islam

et al. 2016

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Parasites are a group of eukaryotic organisms that may be free-living or form a symbiotic or parasitic relationship with the hosts. Consisting of over 800,000 recognized species, parasites may be unicellular (Protozoa) or multicellular (helminths and arthropods). The association of parasites with human population started long before the emergence of civilization. Parasitic zoonotic diseases are prevalent worldwide including India. Appropriate epidemiological data are lacking on existing zoonotic parasitic diseases, and newer diseases are emerging in our scenario. Systemic diseases such as cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, hydatidosis, and toxoplasmosis are fairly common. Acquired Toxoplasma infections are rising in immune-deficient individuals. Amongst the ocular parasitic diseases, various protozoas such as Cystoidea, trematodes, tissue flagellates, sporozoas etc. affect humans in general and eyes in particular, in different parts of the world. These zoonoses seem to be a real health related problem globally. Recent intensification of research throughout the world has led to specialization in biological fields, creating a conducive situation for researchers interested in this subject. The basics of parasitology lie in morphology, pathology, and with recent updates in molecular parasitology, the scope has extended further. The current review is to address the recent update in ophthalmic parasites with special reference to pathology and give a glimpse of further research in this field.

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Immunoproteomic technology offers an extraordinary diagnostic approach for Toxoplasma gondii infection

Cited by 7 publications

References 76 publications

Anti-Toxoplasmaactivity of silver nanoparticles green synthesized withPhoenix dactyliferaandZiziphus spina-christiextracts which inhibits inflammation through liver regulation of cytokines in Balb/c mice

Anti-Toxoplasmaactivity of silver nanoparticles green synthesized withPhoenix dactyliferaandZiziphus spina-christiextracts which inhibits inflammation through liver regulation of cytokines in Balb/c mice

The Neurotropic Parasite Toxoplasma gondii Induces Astrocyte Polarization Through NFκB Pathway

Update on pathology of ocular parasitic disease

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