Immunoproteomic profile of Trichinella spiralis adult worm proteins recognized by early infection sera

Abstract

BackgroundTrichinellosis, a widespread zoonosis, is regarded as an emerging or reemerging disease. Effective treatment and prognosis of trichinellosis depends on early diagnosis of the infection. The objective of this study was to identify sensitive and specific antigens for early diagnosis or effective vaccine antigens for preventing infection.MethodsThe somatic proteins of T. spiralis adult worms were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The separated proteins were probed with early infection sera from swine or mice infected with T. spiralis for 7 days. The primary immunoreactive spots were characterized by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis in combination with bioinformatics. The identified proteins were annotated using WEGO based on their functions. The immunodominant protein was chosen for expression as recombinant protein in E. coli and the purified recombinant protein was used to confirm its antigenicity by Western blot with the same infection sera.ResultsApproximately 300 spots were separated by 2-DE, with molecular weights ranging from 10 to 130 kDa, and pI values ranging from pH 4 to 10. The sera from swine and mice infected with T. spiralis for 7 days recognized 64 proteins. MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS analysis identified 55 proteins, some with different isoforms. Finally, 40 individual immunoreactive proteins were obtained with a wide range of biological functions. Several proteins, such as heat shock protein 70, 14-3-3 protein, and cysteine protease could be used as immunodiagnostic or vaccine antigens. Among these identified proteins, the highly immunodominant Ts14-3-3 was chosen for expression in E. coli and purified recombinant Ts14-3-3 was able to be strongly recognized by the same T. spiralis infected sera used for identifying these antigens, therefore the most promising antigen for early immunodiagnosis of Trichinella infection.ConclusionsA total of 64 proteins from the adult worm were recognized by early infection sera from swine and mice infected with T. spiralis for 7 days. Several proteins, are of particular interest as immunodiagnostic or vaccine antigens, especially with Ts14-3-3 as most promising due to its highly immunogenicity during early infection, expressed protein can be recognized by Trichinella early infection sera and the native Ts14-3-3 expression in both adult and larval stages.

Modulators of Protein–Protein Interactions

“…14-3-3 proteins from this parasite were shown to play a crucial role in the early stages of the infection by maintaining the host−parasite relationship. 79 Cryptosporidium parvum is a parasite responsible for cryptosporidiosis, a diarrheal disease that affect humans and animals especially in developing countries. 80 This infection is mainly caused by the ingestion of contaminated water, and an estimated 748,000 cryptosporidiosis cases occur annually.…”

Proteomic Analysis Of Trichuris Trichiura Egg Extract Reveals Potential Immunomodulators And Diagnostic Targets

“…Actin, Tropomyosin, Paramyosin, Intermediate lament protein IFA 1 and Epididymal secretory protein E1 were found with a high number of distinct peptides. These proteins are essential to enhance the motility of the nematodes and have also been recorded in many helminthic proteomes: somatic extract of adults of T. spiralis [43], T. britovi [31], Syphacia muris [42] and Echinostoma caproni [44]; and in egg secretions of Schistosoma mansoni [17]. Speci cally, Intermediate lament protein IFA1 has been studied in Caenorhabditis elegans demonstrating that in nematodes they allow epidermal elongation in the larval stages to grow into adults [45].…”

Perusal of parasitic nematode ‘omics in the post-genomic era

“…New antigens expressed across developmental stages, such as Ts 14-3-3, could be important for diagnosing trichinellosis in the context of co-infection with other parasitic nematodes, since co-infection often increases the incidence of false positives in tests [29]. Other somatic proteins, many of which are expressed on the parasite surface in muscle and intestinal forms of the parasite, may be possible vaccination targets [30].…”