Immunopotentiating Effects of Four Chinese Herbal Polysaccharides Administered at Vaccination in Chickens

Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 4 Chinese herbal polysaccharides on the production of serum antibodies and the proliferation of peripheral T lymphocytes, including subpopulations in vaccinated chickens. A total of 450 chickens were randomly assigned to 9 groups at 14 d of age and vaccinated first with live Newcastle disease (ND)-infectious bronchitis virus vaccine, and second with ND-infectious bronchitis oil adjuvant vaccine at 28 d of age. At the same time as the first vaccination, the chickens in groups 1 to 8 were intramuscularly injected with 4 polysaccharides at high and low dosages, respectively, once a day for 3 successive days starting on the day of the first vaccination. Group 9 (control group) was injected in the same manner with saline instead of a polysaccharide. On d 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 after the first vaccination, the temporal changes in serum ND hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer were determined by the micromethod. On d 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 after the first vaccination, the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to concanavalin A stimulation as well as the proportions of CD3(+), CD4(+), and CD8(+) peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that astragalus polysaccharide and isatis root polysaccharide at low dosages, and achyranthes root polysaccharide and Chinese yam polysaccharide at high dosages significantly enhanced the ND antibody titers, concanavalin A-induced proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, and ratio of CD4(+) to CD8(+) (P <0.05). Collectively, these findings indicate that the 4 polysaccharides possess significant immune-enhancing properties in chickens. This finding may have direct application in vaccine design and other strategies designed to potentiate immune system development and function in chickens.

Effects of Phytogenic Additives and Organic Acids, alone or in combination, on the Performance, Intestinal Quality and Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens

“…These results are consistent with studies that did not find any differences in antibody production in broilers fed oregano (Basmacioğlu Malayoğluet al, 2010), aniseed (Soltan et al, 2008),or tamarind polyphenols (Srikhun et al, 2010). However, other studies showed immunostimulatory effects of PA on broilers fed diets with turmeric extract (Aliet al, 2010;Leeet al, 2010), Astragalus membranaceus (Qiu et al, 2007;Li et al, 2009), and a phytogenic blend (Khodambashi Emami et al, 2012).…”

“…As broilers age, the number and intensity of stressors, such as reduced physical space and temperature variations, increase and may result in lower development of lymphoid tissue, cortical area reduction, and follicular degeneration due to an increased release of corticosterone. However, the results of the present study indicate that the inclusion of a PA with potential antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities may alleviate bursal atrophy and protect the follicles, and, consequently, maintain the production of antibodies and improve humoral immunity, as also observed in several studies with broilers submitted to health challenge or not (Qiu et al 2007;Li et al 2009;Srikhun et al 2010). Citric acid may also increase the population of immunocompetent cells in the bursa follicles and cecal tonsils, improving the responsiveness of these organs (Chowdhury et al, 2009).…”

Evaluation of a Salmonella Enteritidis vaccine and related ELISA for respective induction and assessment of acquired immunity to the vaccine and/or Echinacea purpurea in Awassi Ewes

“…More specifically, Salmonella bacterins, protecting against different challenging serovars to animals, are in continuous development around the world [11][12][13]. The immunopotentiation of vaccines by natural products is another new trend in research, targeting an improvement in seroconversion that enhances protection against specific diseases [14][15][16]. The Echinacea purpurea (EP) root powder is rich with caffeic acid derivatives (phenoliccompounds), alkamides, and polysaccharides.…”

Bursopentine as a Novel Immunoadjuvant Enhances both Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to Inactivated H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus in Chickens

“…Fourteen days after the second immunization (day 28), the blood samples were collected for lymphocyte separation. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated as described previously, with some modification (11,28). The cell suspension from the blood was layered on Ficoll-Paque lymphocyte separation medium by density gradient centrifugation.…”