Immunophysiology of the Male Reproductive Tract

Hedger, Mark P.; Hales, Dale B.

doi:10.1016/b978-012515400-0/50030-0

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 1,136 publications

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“…Na cabeça, corpo e cauda do epidídimo há notadamente migração de células imunocompetentes, que normalmente situam-se na base do epitélio e se deslocam para o lúmen (Serre & Robaire 2002). No entanto, fatores que levam ao aumento da prevalência destas células e a resposta imune celular local neste ór-gão, frente à complexidade da resposta imune sistêmica a LVC não são totalmente conhecidos (Hedger & Hales 2006). Neste estudo, o perfil leucocitário encontrado nos cães com sintomatologia para LVC sugere maior transmigração de neutrófilos, macrófagos e linfócitos para o lúmen dos segmentos epididimais avaliados (Fig.4).…”

Section: Quadro 1 Estimativa Para Taxa De Risco (Odds Ratio)* Para Aunclassified

Presença de formas amastigotas de Leishmania chagasi e perfil leucocitário no aparelho reprodutivo de cães

Benites¹,

Fernandes²,

Brum³

et al. 2011

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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Pesq. Vet. Bras. 31(1): 72-77, janeiro 2011 RESUMO.-A leishmaniose visceral (LV) é uma zoonose causada pelo protozoário Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi. A leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) é a doença de maior relevância zoonótica. Usualmente, a infecção ocorre entre um hospedeiro invertebrado para um hospedeiro vertebrado, entretanto, a transmissão na ausência do vetor já é conhecida. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi identificar a presença de formas amastigotas, quantificar as células leucocitárias, estimar o risco relativo da presença de formas amastigotas no aparelho reprodutivo de cães sorologicamente positivos com e sem sinais clínicos. Para isso, foram utilizados cães sem raça definida, sexualmente maduros e testados sorologicamente para LVC (com sinais clínicos, n=25; sem sinais clínicos, n=25), que após eutanásia, tiveram fragmentos de testículo, epidídimo (cabeça, corpo e cauda) e glândula prostática (selecionados Canine visceral leishmaniasis (VLC) is most important. The infection occurs usually betweenthe invertebrate host and vertebrate host; however, transmission in the absence of the vector has been reported. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of amastigote forms, quantify the leucocyte cells and to estimate the presence (odds ratio) of the amastigotes in the reproductive tract of dogs serologically positive with and without clinical signs. Sexually mature Mongrel dogs, serologically tested to VLC (symptomatic, n=25; asymptomatic, n=25), were used. After euthanasia, testes, epidydimal (caput, corpus and cauda) and prostate gland fragments (randomized) were recovered and impressed on slides. Twenty animals serologically negative and asymptomatic were used as control group. Samples of spleen were included as parasitological positive controls. Lymphocyte percentages were higher (P<0.05) in the corpus and caudal region of epididymis, similar to the testes in the symptomatic group. Macrophage percentage was higher (P<0.05) in the corpus and caudal epididymis regions. The presence of amastigote forms was associated with different regions of the reproductive tract. In the symptomatic group, the variation was between 0.50 and 0.80, and in the symptomatic between 0.79 and 0.95. The odds ratio for amastigote forms in the testicle of the symptomatic dogs was 6.5 in relation to asymptomatic dogs. The results demonstrate the epidemic potential of venereal transmission of the disease, specifically in areas where control programs of VLC do not consider this transmission route.

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Section: Quadro 1 Estimativa Para Taxa De Risco (Odds Ratio)* Para Aunclassified

Presença de formas amastigotas de Leishmania chagasi e perfil leucocitário no aparelho reprodutivo de cães

Benites¹,

Fernandes²,

Brum³

et al. 2011

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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“…In recent years, efforts have been made to investigate the role of HA in control of Leydig cell steroidogenesis, though the reports are limited and the results are contradictory (Mayerhofer et al1989, Mondillo et al 2005. Intriguingly, the role of HA in control of testicular macrophage immune responses has not been studied so far, despite the fact that mast cells and macrophages are present in the testicular microenvironment and known for their immunoregulatory functions (Beer et al1984, Azuma et al 2001, Fijak & Meinhardt 2006, Hedger & Hales 2006.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of histamine on Leydig cell and testicular macrophage activities in wall lizards: precise role of H1/H2 receptor subtypes

Khan¹,

Rai²

2007

Journal of Endocrinology

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The present study in the wall lizard, Hemidactylus flaviviridis, was aimed to understand the role of histamine (HA) in the regulation of Leydig cell and testicular macrophage activities, for the first time, in ectothermic vertebrates. Although HA did not affect the testosterone production from unstimulated Leydig cells, it had dual concentration-related effects, stimulatory at a low concentration of 10 K10 M while inhibitory at a high concentration of 10 K5 M, on FSH-induced testosterone production. This suggests that HA did not influence the basal Leydig cell steroidogenesis, but modulated the FSH-stimulated testosterone production in a biphasic manner depending upon its concentration. However, HA failed to affect the FSHstimulated Leydig cell proliferation, indicating that HA modulated the testosterone production from Leydig cells without influencing their proliferation in wall lizards. HA, apart from Leydig cells, differentially regulated the testicular macrophage immune responses. It inhibited phagocytosis and superoxide production at high concentration (10 K5 M), while stimulated superoxide production and could not affect phagocytosis at low concentration (10 K10 M). Using selective H1 and H2 antagonists, pyrilamine and famotidine respectively, H1 receptor subtype was seen responsible for mediating the inhibitory effect of HA on Leydig cell steroidogenesis and testicular macrophage immune responses at high concentration, while H2 receptors were involved for the stimulation at low concentration.

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“…Contudo, fatores que levam ao aumento da concentração dessas células e a resposta imunocelular local neste órgão, frente à complexidade da resposta imune sistêmica a LV em cães, não são totalmente conhecidos (HEDGER & HALES, 2006).…”

Section: Alterações Estruturais No Sistema Reprodutor Masculinounclassified