Immunophysiology: Macrophages as key regulators of homeostasis in various organs

Schultze, Joachim L.; Kurts, Christian

doi:10.1007/s00424-017-1963-5

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A dynamic equilibrium of macrophage polarization is defined as emerging the phenotypic and functional features for internal and external stimulation. Macrophages were traditionally categorized into two phenotypes: classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophages; however, the current report demonstrates that the plasticity of macrophages replies on microenvironmental stimulation with dynamic and continuous behavior in different tissues and organs [ 115 , 116 ]. In the decidua of embryo implantation and early pregnancy, macrophages may mainly contribute to immune regulation with tissue and vascular remodeling required for maintaining pregnancy by eliminating cell debris and apoptotic cells [ 57 , 117 , 118 ].…”

Section: Immune Modulatory Properties Of Decidual Stromal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dysregulated transformation of the decidua M1–M2 macrophages results in poor reproductive outcomes, which include embryo implantation failure, miscarriage, preterm labor, and preeclampsia [ 96 , 121 ]. Furthermore, the highly flexible shift of M1–M2 macrophages may reveal more comprehensive functional plasticity [ 116 ]. Recently, an alternative classification was proposed according to the surface expression of molecules, the location, and gene expression profiles, such as CD11clow decidual macrophages [ 118 ].…”

Section: Immune Modulatory Properties Of Decidual Stromal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune Tolerance of Embryo Implantation and Pregnancy: The Role of Human Decidual Stromal Cell- and Embryonic-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Chen

Hsu

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Embryo–endometrial communication plays a critical role in embryo implantation and the establishment of a successful pregnancy. Successful pregnancy outcomes involve maternal immune modulation during embryo implantation. The endometrium is usually primed and immunomodulated by steroid hormones and embryo signals for subsequent embryo implantation and the maintenance of pregnancy. The roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and microRNAs for the embryo–maternal interactions have been elucidated recently. New evidence shows that endometrial EVs and trophectoderm-originated EV cargo, including microRNAs, proteins, and lipids in the physiological microenvironment, regulate maternal immunomodulation for embryo implantation and subsequent pregnancy. On the other hand, trophoblast-derived EVs also control the cross-communication between the trophoblasts and immune cells. The exploration of EV functions and mechanisms in the processes of embryo implantation and pregnancy will shed light on a practical tool for the diagnostic or therapeutic approaches to reproductive medicine and infertility.

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Section: Immune Modulatory Properties Of Decidual Stromal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immune Modulatory Properties Of Decidual Stromal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Tolerance of Embryo Implantation and Pregnancy: The Role of Human Decidual Stromal Cell- and Embryonic-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Chen

Hsu

et al. 2022

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Mature macrophages are located throughout the body and perform important functions of immune surveillance. They survey their immediate surroundings for signs of tissue damage or invading organisms and are subjected to stimulating immune cells to respond when danger signals are detected by cell surface receptors [ 39 , 40 ]. Following tissue injury or infection, the macrophages usually exhibit a pro-inflammatory phenotype and secrete pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1, ΝΟ and ROS, which participate in the activation of various antimicrobial mechanisms.…”

Section: Macrophages and Tissue Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Pivotal regulators of tissue homeostasis and cancer: macrophages

Chen

Zhang

2017

Exp Hematol Oncol

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Macrophages are an essential component of innate immunity and play a vital role in inflammation and host defense. Based on immunological responses, the macrophages are classified into “activated” macrophage (M1 macrophages) participating in the responses of type I helper T (Th1) cells to pathogens and “alternatively activated” macrophages (M2 macrophages) in response to interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13. In this review, we discuss the origin, classification and function of macrophages. We also discuss the mechanisms underlying polarization of different macrophage subtypes, including transcriptional, epigenetic and post-transcriptional regulation.

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Multidimensional Model of Human Macrophage Activation

Aschenbrenner

Schultze

2017

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Macrophages are extremely versatile cells, distributed throughout all tissues, involved in numerous functions, and equipped with many sensing receptors and effector molecules. They are critical during embryogenesis, key players in organ homeostasis and orchestrators during any kind of tissue insult, whether induced by the outside world or inside stress signals. Moreover, macrophages are involved in all major common diseases our societies are suffering from. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand how macrophage activation is regulated and orchestrated. For a long time, macrophage activation was divided into either proinflammatory or anti‐inflammatory activation. In fact, previous experimental approaches favoured such dichotomous models of macrophage activation. However, with the advent of the generation of high‐throughput data, this view on macrophage activation has dramatically changed by realising the enormous plasticity of these cells. To describe such plasticity, and based on computational modelling of transcriptome data, we have introduced the multidimensional model of macrophage activation. This model showcases the capability of macrophages of integrating signals they derive from their microenvironment to signal input‐specific functional programmes. Collectively, this new model combines findings derived from macrophage ontogeny, tissue macrophage biology and inflammation research in diseases. Key Concepts Macrophages are one of the most versatile cell populations within multicellular organisms. Macrophages exhibit enormous plasticity. Macrophages integrate signals from their microenvironment, which results in signal input‐specific functional outcomes. The multidimensional model of macrophage activation describes the input‐specific cellular programming of macrophages in response to stimulation. This model opens new avenues to more specific targeting of macrophages in disease settings. The paradigm shift from a bipolar to a multidimensional model of macrophage activation required large data and computational modelling, illustrating the power of systems immunology to understand immune cell phenotypes and function.

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Immunophysiology: Macrophages as key regulators of homeostasis in various organs

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Immune Tolerance of Embryo Implantation and Pregnancy: The Role of Human Decidual Stromal Cell- and Embryonic-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Immune Tolerance of Embryo Implantation and Pregnancy: The Role of Human Decidual Stromal Cell- and Embryonic-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Pivotal regulators of tissue homeostasis and cancer: macrophages

Multidimensional Model of Human Macrophage Activation

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