Immunophenotyping of Plasma Cells

Rawstron, Andy C.

doi:10.1002/0471142956.cy0623s36

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Since antibody production is crucial for the prevention of viral infections, we have shown that SCE300ET when administered along with Rb antigen, significantly enhanced the RVNA titres and the antibody titers were found to be higher as compared to Algel and rabies antigen immunized mice. CD138 is a marker for plasma cells (PCs) or antibody producing cells [25], that are differentiated from the antigen activated B cells [26]. In the present study, the increase in antibody titers was further confirmed by the increased expression of CD138 + cells in whole blood of 300ET+Rb and Algel+Rb immunized mice as compared to the inactivated Rb immunized mice.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract of Seabuckthorn Leaves Enhances Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibody Titers and CTL Response in Swiss Albino Mice

Jayashankar¹,

Singh²,

Mishra³

et al. 2016

J Vaccines Immunol

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Introduction: Rabies is a viral disease that causes nearly thousands of death globally per year. Vaccination against rabies generates virus neutralizing antibodies and is the most successful and cost effective method of preventing the disease. In the present study, we have evaluated the adjuvant property of supercritical carbon dioxide extract (SCE) 300ET of Seabuckthorn (SBT) leaves against inactivated rabies virus antigen in Swiss albino mice. Methods:Mice were grouped as PBS control; inactivated rabies antigen (Rb) control; 300ET+Rb and Algel+Rb. All the mice were primed on day 1 followed by single booster at day 14. Sera were collected at different time points for RVNA analysis. Additionally, the effect of SCE on CD8 + Granzyme B + Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) response, surface markers and cytokine levels were measured. Result:The results showed enhanced rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNA) titres using 300ET as compared to control and Algel groups as measured by Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). Moreover, the extract 300ET and Algel showed increased CD138 + (plasma cells) and CD11c + (dendritic cells) cell population as compared to the inactivated rabies antigen immunized mice. The extract 300ET also stimulated cellular immunity by showing heightened CTL response and proinflammatory cytokines level such as TNF-α and IL-1β. Conclusion:Hence, our results suggested that SCE300ET exhibits adjuvant activity by effectively enhancing antibody as well as cell mediated immunity in response to inactivated rabies antigen. Thus, SCE could be considered as a potential adjuvant candidate for rabies vaccines.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract of Seabuckthorn Leaves Enhances Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibody Titers and CTL Response in Swiss Albino Mice

Jayashankar¹,

Singh²,

Mishra³

et al. 2016

J Vaccines Immunol

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“…Our findings suggest that ''aberrant'' immunophenotype is normal in a considerable proportion of BM PCs of healthy people. Different authors found that CD19 negative BM PCs could constitute up to 30-39% of the total BM PCs in healthy people (3,(7)(8)(9). Importantly, we showed that the majority of plasmacytes were CD19 negative in some HDs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…All samples were prepared by lysed whole blood technique to have as close cell population ratios as possible to the primary samples. Ficoll gradient cell separation and concentration procedure was not used due to possible bias in rare cell population ratios (8,10,11).…”

Section: Flow Cytometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Six color flow cytometry detects plasma cells expressing aberrant immunophenotype in bone marrow of healthy donors

Pečeliūnas

Janiulioniene

Matuzeviciene

et al. 2011

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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“…(38) demonstrated that mice lacking XBP-1 expression in B cells could generate normal germinal center and plasma cell frequencies in response to challenge with a foreign antigen. Interestingly, they determined that XBP-1 expression occurred after B cells upregulated syndecan-1 (CD138), a receptor commonly used to identify the plasma cell population (46). As such, B220 int CD138 ϩ cell frequencies were comparable to those of littermate control mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Reactivation from B Cells Requires IRF4 but Not XBP-1

Matar

Rangaswamy

Wakeman

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Gammaherpesviruses display tropism for B cells and, like all known herpesviruses, exhibit distinct lytic and latent life cycles. One well-established observation among members of the gammaherpesvirus family is the link between viral reactivation from latently infected B cells and plasma cell differentiation. Importantly, a number of studies have identified a potential role for a CREB/ATF family member, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1), in trans-activating the immediate early BZLF-1 or BRLF1/gene 50 promoters of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), respectively. XBP-1 is required for the unfolded protein response and has been identified as a critical transcription factor in plasma cells. Here, we demonstrate that XBP-1 is capable of trans-activating the murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) RTA promoter in vitro, consistent with previous observations for EBV and KSHV. However, we show that in vivo there does not appear to be a requirement for XBP-1 expression in B cells for virus reactivation. The MHV68 M2 gene product under some experimental conditions plays an important role in virus reactivation from B cells. M2 has been shown to drive B cell differentiation to plasma cells, as well as interleukin-10 (IL-10) production, both of which are dependent on M2 induction of interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) expression. IRF4 is required for plasma cell differentiation, and consistent with a role for plasma cells in MHV68 reactivation from B cells, we show that IRF4 expression in B cells is required for efficient reactivation of MHV68 from splenocytes. Thus, the latter analyses are consistent with previous studies linking plasma cell differentiation to MHV68 reactivation from B cells. The apparent independence of MHV68 reactivation from XBP-1 expression in plasma cells may reflect redundancy among CREB/ATF family members or the involvement of other plasma cell-specific transcription factors. Regardless, these findings underscore the importance of in vivo studies in assessing the relevance of observations made in tissue culture models. IMPORTANCEAll known herpesviruses establish a chronic infection of their respective host, persisting for the life of the individual. A critical feature of these viruses is their ability to reactivate from a quiescent form of infection (latency) and generate progeny virus. In the case of gammaherpesviruses, which are associated with the development of lymphoproliferative disorders, including lymphomas, reactivation from latently infected B lymphocytes occurs upon terminal differentiation of these cells to plasma cellsthe cell type that produces antibodies. A number of studies have linked a plasma cell transcription factor, XBP-1, to the induction of gammaherpesvirus reactivation, and we show here that indeed in tissue culture models this cellular transcription factor can trigger expression of the murine gammaherpesvirus gene involved in driving virus reactivation. However, surprisingly, when we examined the role of XBP-1 in the setting of infe...

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Immunophenotyping of Plasma Cells

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract of Seabuckthorn Leaves Enhances Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibody Titers and CTL Response in Swiss Albino Mice

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extract of Seabuckthorn Leaves Enhances Rabies Virus Neutralizing Antibody Titers and CTL Response in Swiss Albino Mice

Six color flow cytometry detects plasma cells expressing aberrant immunophenotype in bone marrow of healthy donors

Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Reactivation from B Cells Requires IRF4 but Not XBP-1

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