Immunophenotypic Profiles in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Hu, Cong; Pang, Bo; Ma, Zhanchuan; Yi, Huanfa

doi:10.1155/2020/5894768

Cited by 45 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…23 Additionally, reduced Treg cells resulted in decreased secretion of anti-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-10, in the body and ovaries and increased levels of some autoreactive antibodies, thus aggravating a chronic inflammatory state. 23 Moreover, the expansion of cytotoxic CD4 +CD28null T lymphocytes 23,24 and increased Th17 25 cells have also been found in PB of women with PCOS. Given the complexity of CD4+T cells, we speculated that the balance among each component of CD4+T cells might play an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS according to our data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

<p>Peripheral Blood Inflammatory-Immune Cells as a Predictor of Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</p>

He¹,

Mao²,

Lei³

et al. 2020

JIR

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This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory-immune cells in the peripheral blood of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and assessed the potential correlation between inflammatory-immune cells and infertility in PCOS women. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, the profiles of lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry. White blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (Neu), lymphocytes, Ferriman-Gallwey (F-G) score, testosterone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, fasting blood glucose, and fasting plasma insulin were measured, together with body mass index. Association between inflammatory-immune cells and PCOS was evaluated. Moreover, inflammatory-immune cells of the PCOS women with infertility were evaluated, and the relative operating characteristic (ROC) curve and cutoff values were calculated. Results: The number of WBC, Neu, and lymphocytes was higher in PCOS women than controls (P<0.05). The percentages of total T lymphocytes, CD4+T, and NK were significantly increased in the PCOS group (P<0.001). The CD4/CD8 ratio was obviously elevated for increasing CD4+T (P<0.05). Consequently, T%, CD4+T%, and NK% were found to be the independent risk factors of PCOS by ROC curve and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Furthermore, only NK% was significantly higher in PCOS women with infertility than those who had PCOS without infertility (P<0.001). To diagnose infertility in PCOS, the cutoff value of NK% was calculated as 16.43%. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of PCOS is related to immune cells including T, CD4+T, and NK cells. NK cells are likely to be a potential predictive factor for PCOS women with infertility.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

<p>Peripheral Blood Inflammatory-Immune Cells as a Predictor of Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</p>

He¹,

Mao²,

Lei³

et al. 2020

JIR

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“…It was reported that there are many factors related to a statistically significant increase in the follicular fluid of PCOS women compared to women without PCOS [98]. Some factors are involved in an increased proinflammatory reaction (chronic low-grade inflammation), metabolism, and oxidation process [3,79,[98][99][100][101]. Some are amino acids, such as valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, succinate, and malate.…”

Section: Possible Molecular Mechanisms Of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some are metabolic and essential elements involved in homeostasis processes, such as lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), glycerophosphocholine, carnitine, d-glutamic acid, ferulic acid, salicyclic acid, 3-methylhistidine, α-keto-β-methylvalerate, α-ketoisovalerate, α-ketosiocaproate, oxaloacetate, cis-aconitate, acetate, acetoacetate, 3-hydrobutyrate, deoxycorticosterone, 3-hydroxynonanoylcarcitine, eicosapentaenoic acid, glyceraldehyde, and N-acetylneuraminic acid. Some are involved in the immunological factors and/or cytokines, including IL-1β, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF), frizzle-related protein-5 (Sfrp-5), IL-12, IL-18, IL-33, neutrophil counts, the macrophage 1/macrophage 2 (M1/M2) ratio, the neutrophil/leukocyte (N/C) ratio, and the T helper 17/T helper 2 (Th17/Th2) ratio [3,80,[99][100][101][102]. By contrast, many factors reported to be involved in anti-inflammatory responses or anti-oxidation/gluconeogenesis in the follicular fluid in PCOS women are significantly decreased.…”

Section: Possible Molecular Mechanisms Of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, many factors reported to be involved in anti-inflammatory responses or anti-oxidation/gluconeogenesis in the follicular fluid in PCOS women are significantly decreased. These factors include lactate, IL-13, IL-15, IL-22, macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF), C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2), innate lymphoid cells, regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, and cytotoxic T cells (CD8 + T cell counts) [3,80,[99][100][101][102][103]. The pure removal of follicular fluid in PCOS women may be effective, but the benefits seem to be transient.…”

Section: Possible Molecular Mechanisms Of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Molecular Mechanisms of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling and Its Therapeutic Effects in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Seow¹,

Chang

Chen

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy, characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and multiple small subcapsular cystic follicles in the ovary during ultrasonography, and affects 5–10% of women of reproductive age. PCOS is frequently associated with insulin resistance (IR) accompanied by compensatory hyperinsulinemia and, therefore, presents an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). The pathophysiology of PCOS is unclear, and many hypotheses have been proposed. Among these hypotheses, IR and hyperandrogenism may be the two key factors. The first line of treatment in PCOS includes lifestyle changes and body weight reduction. Achieving a 5–15% body weight reduction may improve IR and PCOS-associated hormonal abnormalities. For women who desire pregnancy, clomiphene citrate (CC) is the front-line treatment for ovulation induction. Twenty five percent of women may fail to ovulate spontaneously after three cycles of CC treatment, which is called CC-resistant PCOS. For CC-resistant PCOS women, there are many strategies to improve ovulation rate, including medical treatment and surgical approaches. Among the various surgical approaches, one particular surgical method, called laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD), has been proposed as an alternative treatment. LOD results in an overall spontaneous ovulation rate of 30–90% and final pregnancy rates of 13–88%. These benefits are more significant for women with CC-resistant PCOS. Although the intra- and post-operative complications and sequelae are always important, we believe that a better understanding of the pathophysiological changes and/or molecular mechanisms after LOD may provide a rationale for this procedure. LOD, mediated mainly by thermal effects, produces a series of morphological and biochemical changes. These changes include the formation of artificial holes in the very thick cortical wall, loosening of the dense and hard cortical wall, destruction of ovarian follicles with a subsequently decreased amount of theca and/or granulosa cells, destruction of ovarian stromal tissue with the subsequent development of transient but purulent and acute inflammatory reactions to initiate the immune response, and the continuing leakage or drainage of “toxic” follicular fluid in these immature and growth-ceased pre-antral follicles. All these factors contribute to decreasing local and systemic androgen levels, the following apoptosis process with these pre-antral follicles to atresia; the re-starting of normal follicular recruitment, development, and maturation, and finally, the normalization of the “hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary” axis and subsequent spontaneous ovulation. The detailed local and systematic changes in PCOS women after LOD are comprehensively reviewed in the current article.

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“…Increasing shreds of evidence have shown that hormones and immune cells play a crucial role in PCOS progression. PCOS also has cross-talks in the role of these immune factors (4). Studies have confirmed that peripheral blood of PCOS patients has elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels and a significantly increased number of white blood cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Release of Peripheral Immune Inflammatory Cytokines Promote an Inflammatory Cascade in PCOS Patients via Altering the Follicular Microenvironment

Líu

Fan

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundHormones and immune imbalance are critical factors in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The alternation of immune microenvironment of oocytes may play a significant role in infertility of PCOS patients.ObjectiveThis study explores the role of follicular fluid microenvironment change in inflammatory pathways activation of granulosa cells (GCs) in PCOS women infertility.MethodsWe enrolled 27 PCOS patients and 30 controls aged 22 to 38 years who underwent IVF and collected their luteinized granulosa cells (LGCs). Meanwhile, a granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) as a cell-model assisted this study. Key inflammatory markers in human ovarian GCs and follicular fluid were detected by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, or ELISA. The KGN cells were treated with follicle supernatant mixed with normal medium to simulate the microenvironment of GCs in PCOS patients, and the inflammation indicators were observed. The assembly of NLRP3 inflammasomes was detected by immunofluorescence techniques. Dihydroethidium assay and EdU proliferation assay were used to detect ROS and cell proliferation by flow cytometry.ResultsCompared with normal controls (n = 19), IL-1β (P = 0.0005) and IL-18 (P = 0.021) in the follicular fluid of PCOS patients (n = 20) were significantly increased. The NF-κB pathway was activated, and NLRP3 inflammasome was formatted in ovarian GCs of PCOS patients. We also found that inflammation of KGN cells was activated with LPS irritation or stimulated by follicular fluid from PCOS patients. Finally, we found that intracellular inflammation process damaged mitochondrial structure and function, which induced oxidative stress, affected cellular metabolism, and impaired cell proliferation.ConclusionInflammatory microenvironment alteration in the follicular fluid of PCOS patients leads to activated inflammatory pathway in GCs, serving as a crucial factor that causes adverse symptoms in patients. This study provides a novel mechanism in the inflammatory process of PCOS.

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Immunophenotypic Profiles in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Cited by 45 publications

References 108 publications

<p>Peripheral Blood Inflammatory-Immune Cells as a Predictor of Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</p>

<p>Peripheral Blood Inflammatory-Immune Cells as a Predictor of Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome</p>

Molecular Mechanisms of Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling and Its Therapeutic Effects in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The Release of Peripheral Immune Inflammatory Cytokines Promote an Inflammatory Cascade in PCOS Patients via Altering the Follicular Microenvironment

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