Immunopharmacological actions of lumin. (I). Anti-allergic actions of lumin.

Sasaki, Yasuo; Nagai, Noriko; Okimura, Tsutomu; Yamamoto, Ikuo

doi:10.1254/fpj.89.1

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The PLE band in the near ultraviolet-violet range includes two overlapping excitation bands which originate from the Mn 4+ -O 2À charge transfer (CT) and 4 A 2 / 4 T 1 transition of Mn 4+ ion, respectively, while the band in the blue-green range is attributed to the 4 A 2 / 4 T 2 transition of Mn 4+ ions. 42,43 It is found that the introduction of Ga 3+ ions has signicantly changed excitation properties of Mn 4+ ions, just as shown in the inset (a) of Fig. 4.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 85%

Novel red-emitting phosphor Li₂MgZrO₄:Mn⁴⁺,Ga³⁺ for warm white LEDs based on blue-emitting chip

2019

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Li 2 MgZrO 4 :Mn 4+ ,Ga 3+ phosphors are synthesized via a conventional high-temperature solid-state reaction. The red emission of Mn 4+ is enhanced 6.68 times and 13.0 times under 352 nm and 468 nm excitation when Ga 3+ ions with a concentration of 40% are introduced into the phosphor. The thermal stability of the phosphor is also slightly improved by Ga 3+ doping. It is believed that the Ga Zr dopants in the Li 2 MgZrO 4 host not only stabilize Mn ions in the 4+ state, but also lower the symmetry of Mn 4+ sites, resulting in the significant improvement of the luminescence performance, especially under blue excitation. The results might provide meaningful reference to seek high-performance Mn 4+ doped oxide phosphors for W-LED applications based on a blue-emitting InGaN chip.

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Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 85%

Novel red-emitting phosphor Li₂MgZrO₄:Mn⁴⁺,Ga³⁺ for warm white LEDs based on blue-emitting chip

2019

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“…NK-4 is the common name of cryptocyanine O.A.1 (PubChem CID: 5489539) [ 17 ]. It has been studied for over 150 years in Japan and has been of research interest in biology and medicine [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. NK-4 exhibits a variety of biological activities, such as preventing IL-4-driven polarization to alternatively activated macrophages and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, allergy, and inflammation, and thus has been used to treat cancer and virus infection [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been studied for over 150 years in Japan and has been of research interest in biology and medicine [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. NK-4 exhibits a variety of biological activities, such as preventing IL-4-driven polarization to alternatively activated macrophages and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, allergy, and inflammation, and thus has been used to treat cancer and virus infection [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. In addition, NK-4 acts as a significantly more potent radical scavenger than edaravone and ascorbate, especially for hydroxyl radicals, peroxy radicals, and superoxides [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Cyanine Dye NK-4 on Photoreceptor Degeneration in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Retinitis Pigmentosa

et al. 2021

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The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of NK-4 on the apoptosis of photoreceptors in a rat model of retinitis pigmentosa and explore the mechanism underlying anti-apoptosis activity. The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats received an intravitreous injection of NK-4 solution in the left eye and vehicle control in the right eye. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method in frozen sections of the eyes. The retinal tissues of the rats were dissected for RNA-seq analysis. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed by using Metascape and DAVID software. The expression levels of DEGs were confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The number of apoptotic cells decreased in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and the thickness of the ONL was significantly thicker in the retina of NK-4-injected eyes, compared with control eyes. Five DEGs were identified by RNA-seq analysis, and Hmox1, Mt1, Atf5, Slc7a11, and Bdh2 were confirmed to be up-regulated by RT-qPCR. Functional and pathway enrichment analysis of the up-regulated genes showed that anti-apoptosis effects of NK-4 in the retina of RCS rats may be related to the pathways of metal ion homeostasis, negative regulation of neuron death, response to toxic substance, and pigment metabolic process. We found a potential mechanism of NK-4, providing a new viewpoint for the development of more therapeutic uses of NK-4 in the future.

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“…NK-4 is a divalent cationic pentamethine trinuclear cyanine dye that contains three quinolinium rings, N-ethyl side chains and two iodine anions. NK-4 inhibited IgE production and IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in vivo [ 8 ]. We observed that oral administration of NK-4 (1 mg/kg) for 3 days to C57BL/6N mice increased the population of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells that secreted higher levels of IFN-γ upon stimulation with α-galactosylceramide, when compared to iNKT cells from vehicle-administered mice [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NK-4 exerts selective regulatory effects on the activation and function of allergy-related Th2 cells

Kohno¹,

Koya‐Miyata²,

Harashima³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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NK-4 is the main component of the antiallergic drug Lumin, which has been in popular usage since the early 1950s. In this study, we examined whether NK-4 exerts a regulatory effect on the activation and effector function of Th2 cells. NK-4 inhibited IL-4 production by anti-CD3ε mAb-stimulated BALB/c mouse spleen cells, whereas NK-4 had little effect on IFN-γ production. IL-4 and IL-5 secretion by anti-CD3ε mAb- or antigen-stimulated Th2 cells (D10.G4.1) was abrogated by NK-4 without affecting cell numbers, whereas IFN-γ secretion by activated Th1 cells was unchanged. Mechanistic analysis revealed that NK-4 inhibited mRNA expression of the Th2-associated transcription factors GATA-3 and NFATc1 in anti-CD3ε mAb-stimulated D10.G4.1 cells. Regarding the regulation of Th2 cell effector functions, NK-4 inhibited the secretion of eotaxin and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) by normal human dermal fibroblasts in response to IL-4 and/or TNF-α. NK-4 achieved TARC attenuation comparable to what is observed with suplatast tosilate, an antiallergic drug that selectively inhibits Th2 cytokine production, at 14-fold lower concentrations of suplatast tosilate. Dexamethasone increased TARC production by 2.2- to 2.6-fold of control cultures. NK-4 successfully inhibited the STAT6 signaling pathway, suggesting a potential mechanism for down-regulating chemokines expression. In addition, NK-4 abrogated IL-4-driven modulation of cytokine production profile in human monocytic THP-1 cells from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory response, as seen in the inverted ratio of TNF-α to IL-10 produced in response to LPS. These results suggest that NK-4 could prevent IL-4-driven polarization to alternatively activated macrophages, which are proposed to have pathogenic roles in allergic asthma. The importance of Th2 cytokines and chemokines in the development and progression of type 2 inflammatory disorders has been highlighted by recent advance in our understanding the immunological mechanism underlying allergic disease. Our results support the use of NK-4 as a reasonable therapeutic option to alleviate Th2-mediated allergic inflammation.

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Immunopharmacological actions of lumin. (I). Anti-allergic actions of lumin.

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Novel red-emitting phosphor Li₂MgZrO₄:Mn⁴⁺,Ga³⁺ for warm white LEDs based on blue-emitting chip

Novel red-emitting phosphor Li₂MgZrO₄:Mn⁴⁺,Ga³⁺ for warm white LEDs based on blue-emitting chip

The Effect of Cyanine Dye NK-4 on Photoreceptor Degeneration in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Retinitis Pigmentosa

NK-4 exerts selective regulatory effects on the activation and function of allergy-related Th2 cells

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Immunopharmacological actions of lumin. (I). Anti-allergic actions of lumin.

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Novel red-emitting phosphor Li2MgZrO4:Mn4+,Ga3+ for warm white LEDs based on blue-emitting chip

Novel red-emitting phosphor Li2MgZrO4:Mn4+,Ga3+ for warm white LEDs based on blue-emitting chip

The Effect of Cyanine Dye NK-4 on Photoreceptor Degeneration in a Rat Model of Early-Stage Retinitis Pigmentosa

NK-4 exerts selective regulatory effects on the activation and function of allergy-related Th2 cells

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Novel red-emitting phosphor Li₂MgZrO₄:Mn⁴⁺,Ga³⁺ for warm white LEDs based on blue-emitting chip

Novel red-emitting phosphor Li₂MgZrO₄:Mn⁴⁺,Ga³⁺ for warm white LEDs based on blue-emitting chip