Immunopathology of Entamoeba histolytica infections

Michel, Denis; Chadee, Kris

doi:10.1016/0169-4758(88)90139-1

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Protozoans such as Entamoeba histolytica and bacteria (Shigella, Escherichia coli ) are mainly involved in causing dysentery [41]. Dysentery is caused due to ameobiasis (gastrointestinal infection) by Entamoeba histolytica and it affects intestines of about 25% of the world population and considered second infectious diseases next to malaria [42, 43]. Antibiotic metronidazole is used against ameobiasis but reported to produce several mutagenic effects and in vivo activities showed that it is carcinogenic to mice and produce several side effects such as nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, metallic taste, abdominal pain, headache, constipation, and diarrhea [44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnomedicinal Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Used against Gastrointestinal Complaints

Tariq

Mussarat

Adnan

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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Aim of the present study was to document ethnomedicinal plants used against gastrointestinal complaints in five selected remote regions of Pakistan and to select potential medicinal plants for further in vitro and in vivo investigation. Data on ethnomedicinal plants and ethnographic profile of respondents was documented using semistructured questionnaires. The present study revealed utilization of 52 medicinal plants for the treatment of different gastrointestinal infections in studied regions. Apiaceae was the most dominant family reported to be used for the treatment of these infections (4 plants). Among all the plant parts fruit (24%), whole plants and leaves (23% each) were the most preferred plant parts used by the healers. Dosage of recipe was found to be related with the age of the patient. Highest degree of informant consensus was reported for vomiting, nausea (0.92 each), abdominal pain (0.9), and diarrhea (0.89). Withania coagulans scored highest FL value (86%) followed by Mentha longifolia and Melia azadirachta ranked second with FL value (75% each). Young generation was found to possess little traditional knowledge about utilizing plant recipes against these infections. Plants with high Fic and FL values should be subjected for further phytochemical and pharmacological investigation for scientific validation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnomedicinal Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Used against Gastrointestinal Complaints

Tariq

Mussarat

Adnan

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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“…In clinical and experimental Entamoeba histolytica infections, macrophage-mediated effector mechanisms have been shown to be important in control of and resistance to reinfection (5,6,21,(25)(26)(27)(28). Experimental intrahepatic inoculation of virulent E. histolytica trophozoites in congenitally athymic nude mice failed to establish an infection, but liver abscesses developed after pretreatment with silica (28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In combination with IFN--y, TNF-ot activates murine macrophages and human neutrophils with the capacity to kill E. histolytica trophozoites in vitro (6,7). In cell-free systems, IFN-y or TNF-o or both in high concentrations (100 to 1,000 U/ml) do not directly kill amebae or prevent parasite multiplication in culture (5). At present, little is known about the mechanism of TNF-ox-induced macrophage cytotoxicity against parasites or tumor cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tumor necrosis factor alpha augments nitric oxide-dependent macrophage cytotoxicity against Entamoeba histolytica by enhanced expression of the nitric oxide synthase gene

et al. 1994

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Nitric oxide (NO measured as nitrite, NO2-) is the major effector molecule produced by activated macrophages for in vitro cytotoxicity against Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. In this study, we determine whether tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a) produced by activated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) is involved in the induction of the inducible NO synthase gene (mac-NOS) for NO-dependent amebicidal activity. TNF-o alone did not directly induce macrophage NO2-production to kill amebae; however, in combination with increasing concentrations of TNF-ot and gamma interferon (IFN-,y), BMM amebicidal activity and NO2-production progressively increased and showed a significant linear correlation. Antiserum to TNF-ot and the NO synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA) inhibited the synergistic effects of TNF-a and IFN-y. BMM activated with increasing concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-y showed a significant linear correlation between TNF-o release and NO2production. Antiserum to TNF-a suppressed TNF-a release, NO2-production, and amebicidal activity by 93, 53, and 86%, respectively. L-NMMA diminished NO2production by 74% and macrophage amebicidal activity by 83% but had no effect on TNF-ot release. Quantification by Northern (RNA) blot analyses demonstrated that IFN-,y in combination with TNF-a or LPS increased markedly the accumulation of mac-NOS and TNF-ot mRNAs in a time-dependent manner with a concomitant increase in NO and TNF-ot production. Peak induction of mac-NOS occurred after 24 h, whereas TNF-o mRNA was rapidly expressed after 4 h and remained stable for 48 h. Taken together, these data argue that TNF-a augments NO-dependent macrophage cytotoxicity against E. histolytica via elevated levels of mac-NOS mRNA expression which may be associated with the accumulation of TNF-a mRNA.

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“…Serological tests are necessary only if ext r a i n t est ina 1 dis e a s e (liver, lung or brain abscess) is suspected. However, serology cannot replace stool examination by microscopy in acute dysentery (see DENIS and CHADEE 1988). The reactions are positive in about 60% -70% of cases in which the disease is confined to the intestines but nearly 100% in extraintestinal diseases.…”

Section: Commensal Flagellates Of the Large Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Parasitology

Piekarski

1989

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Immunopathology of Entamoeba histolytica infections

Cited by 25 publications

References 58 publications

Ethnomedicinal Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Used against Gastrointestinal Complaints

Ethnomedicinal Evaluation of Medicinal Plants Used against Gastrointestinal Complaints

Tumor necrosis factor alpha augments nitric oxide-dependent macrophage cytotoxicity against Entamoeba histolytica by enhanced expression of the nitric oxide synthase gene

Medical Parasitology

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