Immunopathological study of parasitic cholangitis in cetaceans

Jaber, José Raduán; Zafra, R.; Pérez, J.; Suárez‐Bonnet, Alejandro; González, J.; Carrascosa, Conrado; Andrada, M.; Arbelo, Manuel; Fernández, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.05.011

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the current analyses, M2 macrophages were dominant over M1 macrophages especially in the HP regions, suggesting that all analyzed individuals were in the chronic stage of fibrosis rather than in the early stage of infection and injury. The obtained number of Iba1-positive macrophages was in concordance with a previous study on the immune response of hepatic trematodiasis reporting limited numbers of MHC class II-positive macrophages ( 33 ). On the contrary, an investigation of fascioliasis with Fasciola hepatica in cattle Bos taurus , an evolutionarily related species to cetaceans, had approximately equal numbers of M1 and M2 macrophages ( 47 ), and hence, differences were recognized between responses of cetaceans and cattle to hepatic trematodes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…To date, several immunopathological investigations have been conducted in parasite infections of cetaceans (13,32,33,43,44), but none of them has focused on macrophages in detail. Macrophages are phagocytic, antigen-presenting cells that are consistently present in tissues and are involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis (45).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of hepatic trematodiasis in cetaceans, severe fibrosis is considered to be due to the physical presence of the parasite within bile ducts and exfoliated eggs around portal tracts (13). There have been several reports on the infiltrating inflammatory cell types (13,32,33), but details of the infiltrating and resident macrophages and the host's immune response have not been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Characterizations of Hepatic Trematodiasis in Odontocetes

Nakagun

Kobayashi

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Hepatic trematodiasis is a common condition in a number of free-ranging cetacean species, which occasionally result in severe hepatic and/or pancreatic lesions. However, even the basic pathological information of this disease is unknown for the majority of affected species. The current study describes and compares the histomorphology and immune reaction induced by hepatic trematodes of the family Brachycladiidae in the liver of the harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena, n = 8), Dall's porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli, n = 8), and Hubbs' beaked whale (Mesoplodon carlhubbsi, n = 2). Immunohistochemistry for eight antibodies (CK19, CD3, Foxp3, CD20, Iba1, CD68, CD163, and CD204) was conducted to analyze the pathology of these parasitic infections. In all three odontocete species, the changes observed in the trematode-affected biliary epithelium were comparable with marked hyperplasia and goblet cell metaplasia, as well as lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic inflammation. Additionally, regions of the Glisson's sheath were diffusely and severely fibrotic in all examined species, regardless of the physical presence of trematodes. Differences among the three species included the presence of characteristic lymphoid follicles formed in the fibrotic bile duct walls of only the two porpoise species. In the Hubbs' beaked whale, the degree of lymphoplasmacytic cholangitis was more severe, and ductular reaction was generally more prominent. In terms of the overall macrophage population among the three species, CD163-and CD204-positive cells (M2 macrophages) outnumbered Iba1-and CD68-positive cells (M1 macrophages), indicating a chronic infection stage in all analyzed individuals. Species-specific differences among the infiltrating macrophages included numbers of CD68-positive cells being significantly more abundant in the harbor porpoises, whereas CD163-positive cells were significantly more numerous in the Dall's porpoises. The numbers of CD204-positive macrophages were higher in the Hubbs' beaked whales compared to those in the porpoises. Trematode species of the harbor and Dall's porpoises were Campula oblonga, while they were Oschmarinella macrorchis in the Hubbs' beaked whales. This study concludes that interspecies differences in the tissue reactions to hepatic trematode infections are present among odontocete species and that the immune reaction varies depending on the species. This information aids in furthering our understanding of the pathogenesis of hepatic trematodiasis in cetaceans.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Characterizations of Hepatic Trematodiasis in Odontocetes

Nakagun

Kobayashi

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…The presence of a very severe granulomatous reaction with the organization of lymphoid follicles surrounding the fibrous tissue close to the lumen of the bile ducts containing dead flukes was similar to that reported in granulomas associated to disintegration in porcine cysticercosis [31], human neurocysticercosis [32], and in other parasitic infections such as schistomiasis or leishmaniasis [33] and in granulomatous cholangitis associated to the trematode Campula spp. in cetaceans [34]. The presence of a well-formed granuloma-like entity surrounding the degenerated adult flukes has not been described before in vaccination studies in fasciolosis.…”

Section: Lfmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…CD3+ T lymphocytes constituted the major populations of the outer layer of the granulomas, this result is in agreement with the high number of this cell type in granulomas associated to remnants of the dead parasite Hypoderma lineatum but they were scarce in the periphery of viable larvae [45] and in the periphery of granulomatous cholangitis associated to the trematode Campula spp. in cetaceans [34]. This suggest that CD3+ T lymphocytes play a role in the local host response, either by producing cytokines to induce macrophage activation or tissue repair.…”

Section: Lfmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Partially Protective Vaccine for Fasciola hepatica Induced Degeneration of Adult Flukes Associated to a Severe Granulomatous Reaction in Sheep

Molina-Hernández

Ruiz-Campillo

Martínez-Moreno

et al. 2021

Animals

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Fasciolosis is an important economic disease of livestock. There is a global interest in the development of protective vaccines since current anthelmintic therapy is no longer sustainable. A better knowledge of the host-parasite interaction is needed for the design of effective vaccines. The present study evaluates the microscopical hepatic lesions in sheep immunized with a partially protective vaccine (VAC1), a non-protective vaccine (VAC2), and an infected control group (IC). The nature of granulomatous inflammation associated with degeneration of adult flukes found in the VAC1 group was characterized by immunohistochemistry. Hepatic lesions (fibrous perihepatitis, chronic tracts, bile duct hyperplasia, infiltration of eosinophils and lymphocytes and plasma cells) were significantly less severe in the VAC1 group than in the IC group. Dead adult flukes within bile ducts were observed only in the VAC1 group and were surrounded by a severe granulomatous inflammation composed by macrophages and multinucleate giant cells with a high expression of lysozyme, CD163 and S100 markers, and a low expression of CD68. Numerous CD3+ T lymphocytes and scarce infiltrate of FoxP3+ Treg and CD208+ dendritic cells were present. This is the first report describing degenerated flukes associated to a severe granulomatous inflammation in bile ducts in a F. hepatica vaccine trial.

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A first record of digenean parasites of the dwarf sperm whale Kogia sima with morphological and molecular information

Shiozaki,

Nakagun,

Tajima

et al. 2023

Advances in Marine Biology

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Immunopathological study of parasitic cholangitis in cetaceans

Cited by 5 publications

References 22 publications

Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Characterizations of Hepatic Trematodiasis in Odontocetes

Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Characterizations of Hepatic Trematodiasis in Odontocetes

A Partially Protective Vaccine for Fasciola hepatica Induced Degeneration of Adult Flukes Associated to a Severe Granulomatous Reaction in Sheep

A first record of digenean parasites of the dwarf sperm whale Kogia sima with morphological and molecular information

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