Immunopathogenesis of Graves’ Disease

Morshed, Syed A.; Latif, Rauf; Davies, Terry F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-60327-478-4_28

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 120 publications

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“…However, GD is mainly characterized by autoantibodies produced by B cells infiltrated into the thyroid gland against the thyroid follicular cell thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R). [10][11][12] It was also shown that TH1 cells and their related chemokine receptors r (C-X-C)R3 receptor have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of GD. 13 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) inflammatory cytokines play a part in inflammatory immune responses.…”

Section: Immunopathogenesis Of Aitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Autoimmune Thyroiditis

2022

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Introduction: Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by thyroid gland dysfunction. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT), as a safe and non-invasive intervention, has gained much attention in many clinical applications including pain relief, regenerative medicine, and autoimmune.Methods: In this review, we discuss the effect of LLLT on cellular responses and its application in the treatment of AIT. Such keywords as "low-level laser therapy", "photobiomodulation" and "autoimmune thyroiditis" were used to find studies related to laser therapy in AIT in Google Scholar, PubMed and Medline databases. Results: LLLT reduced thyroid gland inflammation and inhibited immune cell trafficking. LLLT modulated inflammatory responses and improved thyroid gland regeneration.Conclusion: Investigations indicated that besides current treatment strategies, LLLT could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of AIT.Keywords: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT); Photobiomodulation; Autoimmune thyroiditis; Laser

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