Immunopathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis: Focus on Interleukins as Disease Drivers and Therapeutic Targets for Novel Treatments

Makowska, Karolina; Nowaczyk, Joanna; Blicharz, Leszek; Waśkiel‐Burnat, Anna; Czuwara, Joanna; Olszewska, Małgorzata; Rudnicka, Lidia

doi:10.3390/ijms24010781

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 168 publications

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“…Our study also showed that patients with AD were less likely to have hypertension and DM, although other studies found a positive correlation between AD and MetS 16,17,22,26 . The cytokines released in AD, including interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, both of which play a role in the chronic phase of AD 51 , were suggested to increase cardiovascular risks [52][53][54] , with their chronic in ammatory effects increasing the risk of MetS in AD patients 25,55,56 . The con icting results obtained in our study vs. previous studies may re ect different genetic, socioeconomic, nutritional, and environmental factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between metabolic syndrome and allergic diseases: a nationwide study in Korea and literature review

Kwon,

An,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma are typical allergic diseases, with a common pathogenesis involving increased type 2 immunity. Despite numerous studies, the association between these diseases and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. This study aimed to explore relationships between AD, AR, and asthma both to MetS and to each of its components. Population-based, cross-sectional data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2019 to 2020. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the association between allergic diseases and MetS. The results were compared with those of previous studies of the association between MetS and allergic diseases, identified in a literature review following a search of PubMed and the Cochrane Library. Based on assessments of 1,329, 4,824, and 1,172 patients with AD, AR, and asthma, respectively, negative associations between both AD and AR and MetS were determined, after adjusting for confounding factors. By contrast, asthma was positively associated with MetS (odds ratio [OR] 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50–0.67; OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.67–0.78; OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.51–1.92, respectively). The heterogeneous findings highlight the need for further investigation of associations between the studied allergic diseases and MetS as well as each of its components.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between metabolic syndrome and allergic diseases: a nationwide study in Korea and literature review

Kwon,

An,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…Th2 and Th22 immune responses are believed to be chiefly activated during the acute phase of AD, with a comparatively reduced induction of Th17 markers. Patients with chronic AD exhibit an amplified Th1 response in addition to upregulated Th2 and Th22 responses [ 30 – 32 ] (Fig. 1 ).…”

Section: Immune and Inflammatory Mechanism Of Atopic Dermatitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipokines in atopic dermatitis: the link between obesity and atopic dermatitis

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Lipids Health Dis

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin condition with intense pruritus, eczema, and dry skin. The recurrent intense pruritus and numerous complications in patients with AD can profoundly affect their quality of life. Obesity is one of its comorbidities that has been confirmed to be the hazard factor of AD and also worsen its severity. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms that explain the connection between obesity and AD remain incompletely recognized. Recent studies have built hopes on various adipokines to explain this connection. Adipokines, which are disturbed by an obese state, may lead to immune system imbalances in people with AD and promote the development of the disease. This review focuses on the abnormal expression patterns of adipokines in patients with AD and their potential regulatory molecular mechanisms associated with AD. The connection between AD and obesity is elucidated through the involvement of adipokines. This conduces to the in-depth exploration of AD pathogenesis and provides a new perspective to develop therapeutic targets.

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“…247 A variety of mediators, including IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, and TSLP, bind specific transmembrane receptors and stimulate the JAK-STAT pathway, thereby initiating intracellular signaling and exerting proinflammatory effects in AD. 248,249 In-depth explorations of AD pathogenesis have suggested that the JAK-STAT pathway is involved in Th2 immune polarization, eosinophil activation, and skin barrier destruction during AD progression. 250 A greater understanding of the roles of the JAK-STAT pathway in AD has enabled the application of JAK inhibitors as a new approach to AD treatment.…”

Section: The Jak-stat Pathway and Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolving cognition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway: autoimmune disorders and cancer

Xue

Yao

et al. 2023

Sig Transduct Target Ther

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The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of transmembrane signal transduction that enables cells to communicate with the exterior environment. Various cytokines, interferons, growth factors, and other specific molecules activate JAK-STAT signaling to drive a series of physiological and pathological processes, including proliferation, metabolism, immune response, inflammation, and malignancy. Dysregulated JAK-STAT signaling and related genetic mutations are strongly associated with immune activation and cancer progression. Insights into the structures and functions of the JAK-STAT pathway have led to the development and approval of diverse drugs for the clinical treatment of diseases. Currently, drugs have been developed to mainly target the JAK-STAT pathway and are commonly divided into three subtypes: cytokine or receptor antibodies, JAK inhibitors, and STAT inhibitors. And novel agents also continue to be developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. The effectiveness and safety of each kind of drug also warrant further scientific trials before put into being clinical applications. Here, we review the current understanding of the fundamental composition and function of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. We also discuss advancements in the understanding of JAK-STAT–related pathogenic mechanisms; targeted JAK-STAT therapies for various diseases, especially immune disorders, and cancers; newly developed JAK inhibitors; and current challenges and directions in the field.

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Immunopathogenesis of Atopic Dermatitis: Focus on Interleukins as Disease Drivers and Therapeutic Targets for Novel Treatments

Cited by 18 publications

References 168 publications

Associations between metabolic syndrome and allergic diseases: a nationwide study in Korea and literature review

Associations between metabolic syndrome and allergic diseases: a nationwide study in Korea and literature review

Adipokines in atopic dermatitis: the link between obesity and atopic dermatitis

Evolving cognition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway: autoimmune disorders and cancer

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