Immunopathogenesis of alphaviruses

Baxter, Victoria K.; Heise, Mark T.

doi:10.1016/bs.aivir.2020.06.002

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 349 publications

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“…SINV (genus Alphavirus ) is a mosquito-borne virus containing a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome with a 5′ cap and 3′ poly(A) tail [ 57 ]. Although many infections remain asymptomatic, SINV may cause Sindbis fever in humans, which is characterized by polyarthritis, rash, and fever [ 58 ]. SINV uses the conserved cellular iron transporter NRAMP as its receptor [ 59 ].…”

Section: Role Of Vcp/p97 In Early Stages Of Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Viruses Use the VCP/p97 ATPase Molecular Machine

Das

Dudley

2021

Viruses

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Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that are dependent on host factors for their replication. One such host protein, p97 or the valosin-containing protein (VCP), is a highly conserved AAA ATPase that facilitates replication of diverse RNA- and DNA-containing viruses. The wide range of cellular functions attributed to this ATPase is consistent with its participation in multiple steps of the virus life cycle from entry and uncoating to viral egress. Studies of VCP/p97 interactions with viruses will provide important information about host processes and cell biology, but also viral strategies that take advantage of these host functions. The critical role of p97 in viral replication might be exploited as a target for development of pan-antiviral drugs that exceed the capability of virus-specific vaccines or therapeutics.

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Section: Role Of Vcp/p97 In Early Stages Of Viral Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Viruses Use the VCP/p97 ATPase Molecular Machine

Das

Dudley

2021

Viruses

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“…CHIKV, Mayaro virus (MAYV), Ross River virus (RRV), and Sindbis virus (SINV), which are collectively known as Old World alphaviruses, tend to cause a clinical syndrome characterized by fever, rash, and arthritis, whereas the New World alphaviruses—Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV), and western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) [ 144 ]—are generally associated with encephalomyelitis [ 144 ]. Among the alphaviruses, CHIKV is the most important in Brazil, causing explosive epidemics since its introduction in late 2014.…”

Section: Viruses Commonly Associated With Cns Infection In Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil

Sousa

Santos

Paula

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Virus-induced infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are among the most serious problems in public health and can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, mainly in low- and middle-income countries, where these manifestations have been neglected. Typically, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2, varicella-zoster, and enterovirus are responsible for a high number of cases in immunocompetent hosts, whereas other herpesviruses (for example, cytomegalovirus) are the most common in immunocompromised individuals. Arboviruses have also been associated with outbreaks with a high burden of neurological disorders, such as the Zika virus epidemic in Brazil. There is a current lack of understanding in Brazil about the most common viruses involved in CNS infections. In this review, we briefly summarize the most recent studies and findings associated with the CNS, in addition to epidemiological data that provide extensive information on the circulation and diversity of the most common neuro-invasive viruses in Brazil. We also highlight important aspects of the prion-associated diseases. This review provides readers with better knowledge of virus-associated CNS infections. A deeper understanding of these infections will support the improvement of the current surveillance strategies to allow the timely monitoring of the emergence/re-emergence of neurotropic viruses.

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“…In some cases, incapacitating arthralgia and myalgia can last for months or years after infection (e.g., CHIKV, RRV, MAYV). Encephalitic virus infections are characterized by debilitating febrile disease and encephalomyelitis, leading to death in some cases (e.g., EEEV, VEEV) [3,6]. PS exposure, apoptotic bodies formation [49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Alphavirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of Mammals and Mosquitoes by Alphaviruses: Involvement of Cell Death

Cappuccio

Maisse

2020

Cells

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Alphaviruses, such as the chikungunya virus, are emerging and re-emerging viruses that pose a global public health threat. They are transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods, mainly mosquitoes, to humans and animals. Although alphaviruses cause debilitating diseases in mammalian hosts, it appears that they have no pathological effect on the mosquito vector. Alphavirus/host interactions are increasingly studied at cellular and molecular levels. While it seems clear that apoptosis plays a key role in some human pathologies, the role of cell death in determining the outcome of infections in mosquitoes remains to be fully understood. Here, we review the current knowledge on alphavirus-induced regulated cell death in hosts and vectors and the possible role they play in determining tolerance or resistance of mosquitoes.

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Immunopathogenesis of alphaviruses

Cited by 31 publications

References 349 publications

How Viruses Use the VCP/p97 ATPase Molecular Machine

How Viruses Use the VCP/p97 ATPase Molecular Machine

Viral and Prion Infections Associated with Central Nervous System Syndromes in Brazil

Infection of Mammals and Mosquitoes by Alphaviruses: Involvement of Cell Death

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