“Immunonutrition” Has Failed to Improve Peritonitis-Induced Septic Shock in Rodents

Boisramé-Helms, Julie; Meyer, Grégory; Degirmenci, S.-E.; Burban, Mélanie; Schini‐Kerth, Valérie B.; Cynober, Luc; Bandt, Jean‐Pascal De; Hasselmann, Michel; Meziani, Ferhat

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147644

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Similar negative results were observed in C. rodentium infected C57BL/6 mice consuming omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from flaxseed [103]. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids similarly exacerbated peritonitis-induced septic shock in rats [104].…”

Section: Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 57%

Dietary Fatty Acids and Host–Microbial Crosstalk in Neonatal Enteric Infection

Quin

Gibson

2019

Nutrients

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Human milk is the best nutritional choice for infants. However, in instances where breastfeeding is not possible, infant formulas are used as alternatives. While formula manufacturers attempt to mimic the performance of human breast milk, formula-fed babies consistently have higher incidences of infection from diarrheal diseases than those breastfed. Differences in disease susceptibility, progression and severity can be attributed, in part, to nutritional fatty acid differences between breast milk and formula. Despite advances in our understanding of breast milk properties, formulas still present major differences in their fatty acid composition when compared to human breast milk. In this review, we highlight the role of distinct types of dietary fatty acids in modulating host inflammation, both directly and through the microbiome-immune nexus. We present evidence that dietary fatty acids influence enteric disease susceptibility and therefore, altering the fatty acid composition in formula may be a potential strategy to improve infectious outcomes in formula-fed infants.

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Section: Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidssupporting

confidence: 57%

Dietary Fatty Acids and Host–Microbial Crosstalk in Neonatal Enteric Infection

Quin

Gibson

2019

Nutrients

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“…Some researchers have raised objections to this conclusion. The results from a recent study on rodents suggested that although n -3 polyunsaturated fatty acids had an antioxidant effect, they might worsen septic shock–induced vascular dysfunction, and not improve the survival rate of the disease [ 38 ]. The results from clinical trials had similar conclusions to these animal experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation analysis of omega-3 fatty acids and mortality of sepsis and sepsis-induced ARDS in adults: data from previous randomized controlled trials

Chen

Wang

Zhao

et al. 2018

Nutr J

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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the possible effect of omega-3 fatty acids on reducing the mortality of sepsis and sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults.MethodsMedline, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, WangFang database, and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database from their inception to March 6, 2017, were searched using systematic review researching methods. Five factors were analyzed to investigate the correlation between omega-3 fatty acids (either parenteral or enteral supplementation) and mortality rate.ResultsForty randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were initially included, but only 25 of them assessed mortality. Of these RCTs, nine used enteral nutrition (EN) and 16 used parenteral nutrition (PN). The total mortality rate in the omega-3 fatty acid group was lower than that in the control group. However, the odds ratio (OR) value was not significantly different in the EN or PN subgroup. Eighteen RCTs including 1790 patients with similar severity of sepsis and ARDS were also analyzed. The OR value was not significantly different in the EN or PN subgroup. Omega-3 fatty acids did not show positive effect on improving mortality of sepsis-induced ARDS (p = 0.39). But in EN subgroup, omega-3 fatty acids treatment seemed to have some benefits in reducing mortality rate (p = 0.04). In the RCTs including similar baseline patients, partial correlation analysis found that the concentration ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids had positive correlation with reduction of mortality (RM) (γ = 0.60, P = 0.02), whereas the total number of each RCT had negative correlation with RM (γ = − 0.54, P = 0.05).ConclusionsThis review found that omega-3 fatty acid supplementation could reduce the mortality rate of sepsis and sepsis-induced ARDS. However, further investigation based on suitable concentrations and indications is needed to support the findings.

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“…Yet, various lines of evidence suggest that nutritional support may not provide any benefit, and indeed, may potentially be harmful in certain contexts. In a rat model of septic shock, “immunonutrition” with polyunsaturated fatty acids or arginine aggravated disease progression [ 22 ]. Similarly, nutritional intervention has not consistently been demonstrated to be effective in critically ill patients.…”

Section: Is Nutritional Support Beneficial?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sickness-Associated Anorexia: Mother Nature’s Idea of Immunonutrition?

Niekerk

Isaacs

Nell

et al. 2016

Mediators of Inflammation

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During an infection, expansion of immune cells, assembly of antibodies, and the induction of a febrile response collectively place continual metabolic strain on the host. These considerations also provide a rationale for nutritional support in critically ill patients. Yet, results from clinical and preclinical studies indicate that aggressive nutritional support does not always benefit patients and may occasionally be detrimental. Moreover, both vertebrates and invertebrates exhibit a decrease in appetite during an infection, indicating that such sickness-associated anorexia (SAA) is evolutionarily conserved. It also suggests that SAA performs a vital function during an infection. We review evidence signifying that SAA may present a mechanism by which autophagic flux is upregulated systemically. A decrease in serum amino acids during an infection promotes autophagy not only in immune cells, but also in nonimmune cells. Similarly, bile acids reabsorbed postprandially inhibit hepatic autophagy by binding to farnesoid X receptors, indicating that SAA may be an attempt to conserve autophagy. In addition, augmented autophagic responses may play a critical role in clearing pathogens (xenophagy), in the presentation of epitopes in nonprovisional antigen presenting cells and the removal of damaged proteins and organelles. Collectively, these observations suggest that some patients might benefit from permissive underfeeding.

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“Immunonutrition” Has Failed to Improve Peritonitis-Induced Septic Shock in Rodents

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Dietary Fatty Acids and Host–Microbial Crosstalk in Neonatal Enteric Infection

Dietary Fatty Acids and Host–Microbial Crosstalk in Neonatal Enteric Infection

Correlation analysis of omega-3 fatty acids and mortality of sepsis and sepsis-induced ARDS in adults: data from previous randomized controlled trials

Sickness-Associated Anorexia: Mother Nature’s Idea of Immunonutrition?

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