Immunomonitoring Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Teniente‐Serra, Aina; Ramo‐Tello, C.; Martı́nez-Cáceres, Eva

doi:10.15586/codon.multiplesclerosis.2017.ch9

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 99 publications

(114 reference statements)

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“…Different evidence suggest that IL-2, IFN-γ, y TNF-α/β can mediate inflammatory responses and the tissue damage observed in MS. Inversely IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-ß are associated with an inhibition of the immune response in the CNS. The secretion of such cytokines can come from cells CD4+ that have entered the CNS from the periphery after specific activation, of cells recruited secondaries, or else of living cells glial [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Review of the Etiopathogenics Aspects in Multiple Sclerosis

Argüelles¹,

Aguila²,

Carbajal³

2019

Act Scie Medic

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Review of the Etiopathogenics Aspects in Multiple Sclerosis

Argüelles¹,

Aguila²,

Carbajal³

2019

Act Scie Medic

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Determinants of Organizational Form: Transaction Costs and Institutions in the European Trucking Industry

2004

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We explain why European trucking carriers are much smaller and rely more heavily on owner-operators (as opposed to employee drivers) than their US counterparts. Our analysis begins by ruling out differences in technology as the source of those disparities and confirms that standard hypotheses in organizational economics, which have been shown to explain the choice of organizational form in US industry, also apply in Europe. We then argue that the preference for subcontracting over vertical integration in Europe is the result of European institutionsparticularly, labor regulation and tax laws-that increase the costs of vertical integration. JEL Classification: D23, L14, L22, L92

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Dawn of Monitoring Regulatory T Cells in (Pre-)clinical Studies: Their Relevance Is Slowly Recognised

2020

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Regulatory T cells (Tregs) have a prominent role in the control of immune homeostasis. Pharmacological impact on their activity or balance with effector T cells could contribute to (impaired) clinical responses or adverse events. Monitoring treatmentrelated effects on T cell subsets may therefore be part of (pre-)clinical studies for medicinal products. However, the extent of immune monitoring performed in studies for marketing authorisation and the degree of correspondence with data available in the public domain is not known. We evaluated the presence of T cell immunomonitoring in 46 registration dossiers of monoclonal antibodies indicated for immune-related disorders and published scientific papers. We found that the depth of Treg analysis in registration dossiers was rather small. Nevertheless, data on treatment-related Treg effects are available in public academia-driven studies (post-registration) and suggest that Tregs may act as a biomarker for clinical responses. However, public data are fragmented and obtained with heterogeneity of experimental approaches from a diversity of species and tissues. To reveal the potential added value of T cell (and particular Treg) evaluation in (pre-)clinical studies, more cell-specific data should be acquired, at least for medicinal products with an immunomodulatory mechanism. Therefore, extensive analysis of T cell subset contribution to clinical responses and the relevance of treatment-induced changes in their levels is needed. Preferably, industry and academia should work together to obtain these data in a standardised manner and to enrich our knowledge about T cell activity in disease pathogenesis and therapies. This will ultimately elucidate the necessity of T cell subset monitoring in the therapeutic benefit-risk assessment.

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Immunomonitoring Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Cited by 3 publications

References 99 publications

Brief Review of the Etiopathogenics Aspects in Multiple Sclerosis

Brief Review of the Etiopathogenics Aspects in Multiple Sclerosis

Determinants of Organizational Form: Transaction Costs and Institutions in the European Trucking Industry

Dawn of Monitoring Regulatory T Cells in (Pre-)clinical Studies: Their Relevance Is Slowly Recognised

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