Immunomodulatory Roles of Polysaccharide Capsules in the Intestine

Hsieh, Samantha; Allen, Paul M.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00690

Cited by 26 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…As a result, it was thought that polysaccharide vaccines such as PPV23 could activate humoral immunity only, and the cells responsible for humoral immunity are B cells [ 7 ]. To our surprise, the GO terms and KEGG pathways analysis results in this study found several items related to T cells, and this result was similar to several studies reported in recent years [ 44 , 45 ]. With the study of the biological function and immunomodulatory effect of bacterial polysaccharide, more and more of the literature has reported that CPS can activate the T cell population; promote the development of T cells, DCs, or other immune cells; and enhance the functions of immune cells and promote their maturation [ 7 , 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Mechanisms of Immune-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs in Spleens of Mice Vaccinated with 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV23)

et al. 2023

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The 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine (PPV23) is a classical common vaccine used to prevent pneumococcal disease. In past decades, it was thought that vaccination with this vaccine induces humoral immunity, thereby reducing the disease associated with infection with 23 common serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp). However, for this polysaccharide vaccine, the mechanism of immune response at the transcriptional level has not been fully studied. To identify the lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) and mRNAs in spleens related to immunity after PPV23 vaccination in mice, high-throughput RNA sequencing of spleens between a PPV23 treatment group and a control group were performed and evaluated in this study. The RNA-seq results identified a total of 41,321 mRNAs and 34,375 lncRNAs, including 55 significantly differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs and 389 DE lncRNAs (p < 0.05) between the two groups. GO and KEGG annotation analysis indicated that the target genes of DE lncRNAs and DE mRNAs were related to T-cell costimulation, positive regulation of alpha–beta T-cell differentiation, the CD86 biosynthetic process, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, indicating that the polysaccharide component antigens of PPV23 might activate a cellular immune response during the PPV23 immunization process. Moreover, we found that Trim35 (tripartite motif containing 35), a target gene of lncRNA MSTRG.9127, was involved in regulating immunity. Our study provides a catalog of lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with immune cells’ proliferation and differentiation, and they deserve further study to deepen the understanding of the biological processes in the regulation of PPV23 during humoral immunity and cellular immunity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Mechanisms of Immune-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs in Spleens of Mice Vaccinated with 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV23)

et al. 2023

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“…This indicates that the presence of polysaccharide macromolecules in traditional Chinese medicine tonics cannot be ignored. The beneficial regulation of gut microbiota has been widely reported for polysaccharides, including providing energy for intestinal microorganisms, shaping the diversity of the gut microbiota, protecting bacteria from environmental, and host factors, including the host immune system, and so on ( Porter and Martens, 2017 ; Hsieh and Allen, 2020 ; Sun et al, 2021b ; Song et al, 2021 ). Thus, the polysaccharide in ZXBZ may be separated and tested further for understanding its pharmacological substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Omics Integration Analysis Identifies Lipid Disorder of a Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Mouse Model Improved by Zexie–Baizhu Decoction

et al. 2022

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly epidemic metabolic disease with complex pathogenesis. Multi-target therapy may be an effective strategy for NAFLD treatment, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) characterized by multi-ingredients and multi-targets has unique advantages in long-term clinical practice. Zexie–Baizhu (ZXBZ) decoction is a Chinese classical formula to treat body fluid disorders initially. Although many bioactive monomers from Zexie and Baizhu had been discovered to improve lipid disorders, limited research studies were focused on the aqueous decoction of ZXBZ, the original clinical formulation. In the current study, we identified 94% chemical composition of ZXBZ decoction and first discovered its hepaprotective effect in a gubra-amylin NASH (GAN) diet-induced NAFLD mouse model. Based on metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses, we speculated that lipid and glucose metabolisms might be regulated by ZXBZ decoction, which was further confirmed by improved dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in ZXBZ groups. Consistently with cross-omics analysis, we discovered ZXBZ decoction could influence two energy sensors, Sirt1 and AMPK, and subsequently affect related proteins involved in lipid biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport. In conclusion, ZXBZ decoction regulated energy sensors, consequently impeded lipogenesis, and promoted fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to alleviate lipid disorders and protect the liver in NAFLD models, which suggested ZXBZ decoction might be a promising treatment for NAFLD.

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“…EPS produced by Bacillus subtilis protects mice from the intestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium , which causes acute colitis. It has the ability to block T cell activation in a wide sense, allowing it to regulate T cell-mediated immune responses in a variety of inflammatory disorders [ 65 ]. EPS of Lactobacillus helveticus act as a potential immunomodulatory agent by exhibiting strong effect on elevating the proliferation of macrophages and enhancing phagocytosis, acid phosphatase activity, nitric oxide production and cytokines production [ 66 ].…”

Section: Biological Activities Of Bacterial Epssmentioning

confidence: 99%

Articulating the exuberant intricacies of bacterial exopolysaccharides to purge environmental pollutants

Mehta

Shukla

Saraf

2021

Heliyon

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Microbial exopolysaccharide (EPS) is composed of a mixture of macromolecules such as proteins, polysaccharides, humic-like compounds, and nucleic acids, which encase microbial cells in a three-dimensional matrix. The literature shows that the EPS possess significant properties such as renewable, biodegradable, eco-friendly, non-toxic, and economically valued product, representing it as a green alternative to the synthetic polymer. The cost-effective and green synthesis of the EPS must be encouraged by using agro-waste as a raw material. The main objective of the manuscript is to provide a comprehensive update on the various aspects pertaining to EPS, including the economic aspects of EPS production, provide an insight into the latest tools and techniques used for detailed structural EPS characterization along with updates in the integration of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for engineering the modification in EPS production, the role of newly discovered EPR3 as a signalling molecule in plant growth-promoting properties (PGP) or agricultural microbiology. Furthermore, the EPS achieved prospective interest prevailing potential environmental issues which can be subject to EPS treatment including, landfill leachate treatment, decolourization of dye from the effluent or waste generated by an industry, removal of radionuclides, heavy metals and toxic compounds from the various environments (aquatic and terrestrial), industry effluents, waste waters etc. are comprehensively discussed.

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Immunomodulatory Roles of Polysaccharide Capsules in the Intestine

Cited by 26 publications

References 63 publications

Mechanisms of Immune-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs in Spleens of Mice Vaccinated with 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV23)

Mechanisms of Immune-Related Long Non-Coding RNAs in Spleens of Mice Vaccinated with 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPV23)

Multi-Omics Integration Analysis Identifies Lipid Disorder of a Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Mouse Model Improved by Zexie–Baizhu Decoction

Articulating the exuberant intricacies of bacterial exopolysaccharides to purge environmental pollutants

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