Immunomodulatory hydrogels for skin wound healing: cellular targets and design strategy

He, Yinhai; Cen, Ying; Tian, Meng

doi:10.1039/d3tb02626d

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 201 publications

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“…Their transparency facilitates visual inspection of the wound, and they are customizable and easily adapt to the contours of the wound, promoting autolytic debridement (removal of debris and necrotic tissues), and intrinsically stimulating healing through various mechanisms [ 5 ]. These mechanisms include promoting angiogenesis (formation and growth of blood vessels) in wounds with poor perfusion, modulating the immune cells within the wound, or enhancing the migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts in wound healing [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Hydrogels overcome some limitations of traditional treatments, such as prolonged healing, limited body movement, traumatic removal, and poor regeneration of skin attachments [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels in Cutaneous Wound Healing: Insights into Characterization, Properties, Formulation and Therapeutic Potential

Ribeiro,

Simões,

Vitorino

et al. 2024

Gels

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Hydrogels are polymeric materials that possess a set of characteristics meeting various requirements of an ideal wound dressing, making them promising for wound care. These features include, among others, the ability to absorb and retain large amounts of water and the capacity to closely mimic native structures, such as the extracellular matrix, facilitating various cellular processes like proliferation and differentiation. The polymers used in hydrogel formulations exhibit a broad spectrum of properties, allowing them to be classified into two main categories: natural polymers like collagen and chitosan, and synthetic polymers such as polyurethane and polyethylene glycol. This review offers a comprehensive overview and critical analysis of the key polymers that can constitute hydrogels, beginning with a brief contextualization of the polymers. It delves into their function, origin, and chemical structure, highlighting key sources of extraction and obtaining. Additionally, this review encompasses the main intrinsic properties of these polymers and their roles in the wound healing process, accompanied, whenever available, by explanations of the underlying mechanisms of action. It also addresses limitations and describes some studies on the effectiveness of isolated polymers in promoting skin regeneration and wound healing. Subsequently, we briefly discuss some application strategies of hydrogels derived from their intrinsic potential to promote the wound healing process. This can be achieved due to their role in the stimulation of angiogenesis, for example, or through the incorporation of substances like growth factors or drugs, such as antimicrobials, imparting new properties to the hydrogels. In addition to substance incorporation, the potential of hydrogels is also related to their ability to serve as a three-dimensional matrix for cell culture, whether it involves loading cells into the hydrogel or recruiting cells to the wound site, where they proliferate on the scaffold to form new tissue. The latter strategy presupposes the incorporation of biosensors into the hydrogel for real-time monitoring of wound conditions, such as temperature and pH. Future prospects are then ultimately addressed. As far as we are aware, this manuscript represents the first comprehensive approach that brings together and critically analyzes fundamental aspects of both natural and synthetic polymers constituting hydrogels in the context of cutaneous wound healing. It will serve as a foundational point for future studies, aiming to contribute to the development of an effective and environmentally friendly dressing for wounds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels in Cutaneous Wound Healing: Insights into Characterization, Properties, Formulation and Therapeutic Potential

Ribeiro,

Simões,

Vitorino

et al. 2024

Gels

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Design and evaluation of a bilayered dermal/hypodermal 3D model using a biomimetic hydrogel formulation

Chocarro-Wrona,

López de Andrés,

Rioboó-Legaspi

et al. 2024

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy

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All-natural hydrogel composed of carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized dextran for promoting wound healing by immune-microenvironment regulation

Li,

Tang,

Geng

et al. 2024

Carbohydrate Polymers

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Immunomodulatory hydrogels for skin wound healing: cellular targets and design strategy

Abstract: Skin wounds significantly impact the global health care system and represent a significant burden on the economy and society due to their complicated dynamic healing processes, wherein a series of...

Cited by 8 publications

References 201 publications

Hydrogels in Cutaneous Wound Healing: Insights into Characterization, Properties, Formulation and Therapeutic Potential

Hydrogels in Cutaneous Wound Healing: Insights into Characterization, Properties, Formulation and Therapeutic Potential

Design and evaluation of a bilayered dermal/hypodermal 3D model using a biomimetic hydrogel formulation

All-natural hydrogel composed of carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized dextran for promoting wound healing by immune-microenvironment regulation

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