Immunomodulatory Ellagitannin Chemistry

2014

J Nat Med

The herb Lythrum salicaria L. (Lythraceae) is used in traditional medicine to treat diseases with an inflammatory background, such as haemorrhoidal disease, dysentery, chronic intestinal catarrh, eczema, varicose veins, periodontosis and gingivitis. Because these diseases are closely associated with an excessive inflammatory response of stimulated neutrophils, the influence of aqueous extract and isolated C-glucosidic ellagitannins (dimeric salicarinins A, B and C, vescalagin, castalagin) on their pro-inflammatory functions was examined. Lythrum salicaria aqueous extract was shown to modulate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-triggered production of IL-8 (at 20 μg/mL, 16.6 ± 4.2 % inhibition) but had no influence on MMP-9 production. It was active towards cytochalasin A/f-MLP- stimulated elastase release (at 20 μg/mL, 21.5 ± 3.9 % inhibition), myeloperoxidase release (at 1 μg/mL, 26.5 ± 5.4 % inhibition) and f-MLP- and PMA-induced reactive oxygen species production (at 20 μg/mL, 67.0 ± 3.9 and 66.5 ± 1.9 % inhibition, respectively). The extract was also shown to inhibit expression of integrin CD11b on the neutrophil surface without influencing selectin CD62L shedding. Dose-dependent inhibition of hyaluronidase activity was observed with IC50 = 10.1 ± 1.2 μg/mL. The main C-glucosidic ellagitannins were shown to be responsible for all these activities with more significant participation attributable to dimeric salicarinins A, B, C. This study has demonstrated potent activity of aqueous extract on stimulated neutrophils; this enhanced response is known to cause pathological changes in skin and mucosa tissues. These observations support and explain the traditional use of the herb Lythrum salicaria to treat certain diseases with an inflammatory background. C-glucosidic ellagitannins, especially dimeric salicarinins, are the factors responsible for these effects.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11418-014-0873-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Contribution of C-glucosidic ellagitannins to Lythrum salicaria L. influence on pro-inflammatory functions of human neutrophils

2014

J Nat Med

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“…Recent advances in the bioactivity research of ellagitannins, underlining specific, structure‐dependent modes of action (Coca et al ., ; Quideau et al ., ), emphasise the necessity of their complex phytochemical examination in ellagitannin‐rich pharmacopoeial plant material such as Lythri herba.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

C‐glucosidic Ellagitannins from Lythri herba (European Pharmacopoeia): Chromatographic Profile and Structure Determination

2012

Phytochemical Analysis

Five C-glucosidic ellagitannins - monomeric- vescalagin and castalagin together with new dimeric structures - salicarinins A-C, composed of vescalagin and stachyurin, vescalagin and casuarinin, castalagin and casuarinin units connected via formation of valoneoyl group, were isolated using column chromatography and preparative HPLC. Structures were determined according to (1) H and (13) C-NMR (one- and two-dimensional), electrospray ionisation-time of flight (ESI-TOF), electrospray ionisation-ion trap (ESI-MS(n) ) and circular dichroism (CD) spectra, together with acidic hydrolysis products analysis. HPTLC on RP-18 modified plates and HPLC-DAD-MS(n) on RP-18 column methods were developed for separation of the five main ellagitannins.

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“…This is why their phytochemical composition and the biological activity have been poorly examined. However, some research has been done on tannins, which revealed the distinguishment in their biological activity (Polya et al, 1995;Zhu et al, 1997;Coca et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase activity screening of tannin-rich plant materials used in traditional Polish medicine for external treatment of diseases with inflammatory background

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Kozłowska−Wojciechowska

2011