Immunomodulatory effects of zinc and its impact on COVID-19 severity

Novel regimens of phytopolyphenols with cisplatin or memantine and ZnSO4 for synergistic inhibition of growth and gingipains of the cultured Porphyromonas gingivalis

“…Moreover, both curcumin 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 and tea polyphenols 34 , 35 were shown to be the promising antibacterial agents for the therapy of periodontitis. Thus, these natural products combined with Cis or Mem especially further combined with ZnSO 4 17 , 18 , 19 (an antibacterial and immunomodulatory agent) against P.g. growth were proofed to be promising novel regimens.…”

“…growth but also anti-protease activities of P.g. The strategy to design compositions of novel regimens was to combine phytopolyphenols (P) and targeting drugs (T), either cisplatin 11 , 12 , 13 (cis, the commonly used anticancer drug) or memantine 14 , 15 , 16 (mem, for therapy of moderate AD) and metal ions (M) such as ZnSO 4 17 , 18 , 19 (antibacterial and immune-modulating agent), so called PTM regimens. We investigated these PTM regimens on the growth and gingipain protease inhibition of planktonic and biofilm P.g.…”

Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Immunomodulatory Roles of Nonvitamin Antioxidants in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Therapy

“…The anti-inflammatory role of zinc also encompasses lowering of IκB kinase response. 208 In vitro studies proved that zinc impairment promotes production of IL-6 and IL-1β inflammatory cytokines and induces elevated expression of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), involved in extravasation of leukocytes. Also, it promotes the expression of Cluster of Differentiation 86, a protein expressed in dendritic cells involved in T cell activation, as well as of human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype, in human cultured monocytic cells.…”

“…Also, zinc lowers ACE2 receptor activity and promotes interferon α production, boosting its antiviral potential. − The clinical benefits noticed in zinc supplementation were also ascribed to the promotion of gamma interferon production and to the ability to stimulate macrophages to release IL-12 that enables activation of natural killer cells and T cytotoxic cells. The anti-inflammatory role of zinc also encompasses lowering of IκB kinase response . In vitro studies proved that zinc impairment promotes production of IL-6 and IL-1β inflammatory cytokines and induces elevated expression of ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1), involved in extravasation of leukocytes.…”

A Potential Role for Zinc to Enhance Treatment for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?

“…For these micronutrients, and in particular zinc, it was hypothesized that either a nutritional deficiency of the mineral favored the risk of infection and of developing a serious form of the disease or that "pharmacological" high doses of the element would counteract disease progression. These hypotheses are derived from observational human studies [3][4][5] and animal and laboratory data suggesting a role for these elements in counteracting COVID-19 [3,6,7].…”