Immunomodulatory effects of supercritical fluid CO2 extracts from freeze-dried powder of Tenebrio molitor larvae (yellow mealworm)

Abstract

In order to take full advantage of Tenebrio molitor larvae (yellow mealworm) resources, the supercritical CD 2 fluid freeze-dried powder of T. molitor larvae (fdTML) extraction on the immune systems of mice was carried out. The results about the effects of supercritical CD 2 fluid fdTML extraction on carbon expurgation and phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages experiments of mice indicated that the fdTML extraction enhanced observably carbon expurgatory index, phagocytic rate and phagocytic index. The fdTML extraction could stimulate response of delayed hypersensitivity. The proliferation of ConA-induced mitogenic reponse for spleen lymphocyte was also increased. The amount of hemolytic antibody in mice serum increased compared with those of the control group mice. The half of hemolysis values in serum of treated mice increased compared to the control group. Furthermore, serum ND content in all treatment groups was higher than that of the control group whereas acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity was only significantly higher relative to the control group. Dur findings suggest that supercritical CD 2 fluid the fdTML extraction has potential as a health food supplement.Keywords: food supplement; immunological function; immunoregulation; insect utilization; supercritical CD 2 fluid extraction.Practical Application: Yellow mealworm extractions by SFE-CD 2 supplementation in feed enhance the immune function.

Revisiting edible insects as sources of therapeutics and drug delivery systems for cancer therapy

“…In vivo studies on mice model revealed that freeze dried Tenebrio molitor larvae enhance the phagocytic activity of macrophages in mice. It produces immunomodulatory effects by intensifying the non-specific, cellular and antibody mediated immune responses (Tang and Dai, 2016).…”

“…Other insect peptides show their immunomodulatory activity by enhancing the maturation of DC and NK cells. This in turn activates T CD8 + cell and destroy cancer cells (Tang and Dai, 2016). Insect derived lectins show anti-cancer immunomodulatory activity through M1 macrophage mediated phagocytosis (Cao et al, 2012).…”

Immunomodulatory Potential of <i>Coridius nepalensis</i> on Cyclophosphamide Induced Mice: Most Desired Edible Insect among Ethnic People of Arunachal Pradesh, India

“…Female mice were used to study the immunomodulatory potential of Cn on CP induced mice model since female mice exhibit stronger innate and adaptive immune responses and stronger antibody responses compared to the male counterparts [30]. Moreover, many researchers have also used female mice to study immunomodulatory responses in edible insects like Tenebrio molitor larvae [23], Oxya chinensis sinuosa (grasshopper species) [24], Polyrhachis vicina (Chinese Black ant) [22].…”

“…The optical density (OD) values were measured at the wavelength of 570 nm with a Universal Microplate Spectrophotometer. The difference in OD values between the samples incubated with and without Con A represented the proliferation ability of splenic lymphocytes as described by Tang et al [37].…”

“…As has been documented, insects can be a source of drugs in modern medicine, since compounds of insect origin can have immunological, analgesic, antibacterial, antiviral, and free radical scavenging activity [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Nevertheless, besides several intriguing and promising studies on the possible beneficial effects of insects, studies on the immunomodulatory potential of edible insects have been relatively overlooked, as highlighted by Mousavi et al and Antonio et al [7][8], except for scattered evidence obtained from green beetle, yellow mealworm, black ant, red velvet mites [21][22][23][24][25].…”