Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics on COVID-19 Infection by Targeting the Gut–Lung Axis Microbial Cross-Talk

Synodinou, Kalliopi D.; Nikolaki, Maroulla D.; Triantafyllou, Konstantinos; Kasti, Arezina N.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10091764

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For ages 85 and older, probiotic administration increased IgA antibody levels. Synodinou et al ( 18 ) believed that probiotics acted by blocking the virus from invading and proliferating in host cells, by stimulating the immune response, and by suppressing the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, Anwar et al ( 44 ) suggested that probiotic metabolites might have antiviral effects on COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For influenza viruses, probiotics can activate human and cellular immune responses to increase IFN- γ and IL-2, thereby increasing the host's resistance to influenza virus infection. Many researchers believe that probiotics may have a potential effects on patients with COVID-19 ( 4 , 17 , 18 ). However, there is still a lack of reliable research evidence on the impact of probiotics for COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Probiotics improve symptoms of patients with COVID-19 through gut-lung axis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundMulti system symptoms such as gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract exist in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. There is a lack of reliable evidence to prove that probiotics are effective in improving these symptoms. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics in meta-analysis.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to February 15, 2023. Randomized controlled trials or high quality retrospective studies comparing the efficacy of probiotics as supplementation with non-probiotics in improving symptoms for patients with COVID-19 were included. This meta-analysis assessed endpoints using Review Manager 5.3.ResultTen citations comprising 1198 patients with COVID-19 were included. The results showed that probiotics could increase the number of people with overall symptom improvement (RR = 1.62, 95% CI [1.10, 2.38], P = 0.01) and shorten the duration (days) of overall symptoms (MD = −1.26, 95% CI [−2.36, −0.16], P = 0.02). For the duration (days) of specific symptoms, probiotics could improve diarrhea (MD = −2.12, 95% CI [−2.41, −1.83], P < 0.00001), cough (MD = −2.21, 95% CI [-4.56, 0.13], P = 0.06) and shortness of breath (MD = −1.37, 95% CI [-2.22, −0.53], P = 0.001). Probiotics had no obvious effect on fever, headache and weakness. For inflammation, probiotics could effectively reduce C-reactive Protein (CRP) serum level (mg/L) (MD = −4.03, 95% CI [−5.12, −2.93], P < 0.00001). Regarding hospital stay (days), probiotics group was shorter than non-probiotics group (MD = −0.98, 95% CI [−1.95, −0.01], P = 0.05).ConclusionTo some extent probiotics could improve the overall symptoms, inflammatory reaction and shorten hospital stay of patients with COVID-19. Probiotics may improve gastrointestinal symptoms (such as improving intestinal flora and reducing the duration of diarrhea) and further improve respiratory symptoms through the gut-lung axis.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=398309, identifier: CRD42023398309.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics improve symptoms of patients with COVID-19 through gut-lung axis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The human gut microbiota plays an important role in resisting viral infection. Changes in the abundance of gut microbiota or the concentration of its metabolites can cause immune disorders, and viruses can also regulate the homeostasis of the immune system 78–80 …”

Section: Dynamic Changes Of Microbiota In Covid‐19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID‐19: implications for therapeutic interventions

Qiu,

Mo,

Chen

et al. 2024

MedComm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) recently caused a global pandemic, resulting in more than 702 million people being infected and over 6.9 million deaths. Patients with coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) may suffer from diarrhea, sleep disorders, depression, and even cognitive impairment, which is associated with long COVID during recovery. However, there remains no consensus on effective treatment methods. Studies have found that patients with COVID‐19 have alterations in microbiota and their metabolites, particularly in the gut, which may be involved in the regulation of immune responses. Consumption of probiotics may alleviate the discomfort caused by inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the pathophysiological process underlying the alleviation of COVID‐19‐related symptoms and complications by targeting the microbiota remains unclear. In the current study, we summarize the latest research and evidence on the COVID‐19 pandemic, together with symptoms of SARS‐CoV‐2 and vaccine use, with a focus on the relationship between microbiota alterations and COVID‐19‐related symptoms and vaccine use. This work provides evidence that probiotic‐based interventions may improve COVID‐19 symptoms by regulating gut microbiota and systemic immunity. Probiotics may also be used as adjuvants to improve vaccine efficacy.

show abstract

“…Therefore, blocking NLRP3 pathway is considered feasible in drug therapy to attenuate cytokine release in patients ( 52 ). Probiotics can also be suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome without affecting normal immune function ( 53 ).…”

Section: Innate Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and predisposing factors

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has affected all countries worldwide. Although some symptoms are relatively mild, others are still associated with severe and even fatal clinical outcomes. Innate and adaptive immunity are important for the control of SARS-CoV-2 infections, whereas a comprehensive characterization of the innate and adaptive immune response to COVID-19 is still lacking and the mechanisms underlying immune pathogenesis and host predisposing factors are still a matter of scientific debate. Here, the specific functions and kinetics of innate and adaptive immunity involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and resultant pathogenesis are discussed, as well as their immune memory for vaccinations, viral-mediated immune evasion, and the current and future immunotherapeutic agents. We also highlight host factors that contribute to infection, which may deepen the understanding of viral pathogenesis and help identify targeted therapies that attenuate severe disease and infection.

show abstract

Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics on COVID-19 Infection by Targeting the Gut–Lung Axis Microbial Cross-Talk

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Probiotics improve symptoms of patients with COVID-19 through gut-lung axis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Probiotics improve symptoms of patients with COVID-19 through gut-lung axis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Alterations in microbiota of patients with COVID‐19: implications for therapeutic interventions

Innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and predisposing factors

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About