Immunomodulatory effects of Calcitriol in acute spinal cord injury in rats

Khajoueinejad, Leila; Askarifirouzjaei, Hadi; Namazi, Fatemeh; Mohammadi, Ali; Pourfathollah, Ali Akbar; Rajaian, Hamid; Fazeli, Mehdi

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105726

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The improvement of this function was observed through the increase in the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) score as an indicator of locomotor function improvement. [10] Recent studies explained that a specialized proresolving mediator (SPM), maresin-1 (MaR1), had potent anti-inflammatory and recovery properties. When observed at 28 dpi, there was an improvement in locomotor function in the MaR1 intervention group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This statement is related to the explanations ofAnwar et al, (2016) and Dinarello, (2000) [13,14]. They mentioned that proinflammatory cytokines recruited neutrophil cells, resulting in fever, inflammation, and even tissue damage [6,10,13,14]. Three other studies (Francos-Quijorna et al, 2017;Li et al, 2019 andRudman et al, 2018) explained that in addition to attenuating the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, the increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-13 and IL-10,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are 5 studies that discussindirect factors: Coll-Miró et al, (2016); Rudman et al, (2018); Li et al, (2019); Khajoueinejad et al, (2019); and Francos-Quijorna et al, (2017). [6,7,9-11] Research by Coll-Miró et al, (2016); Khajoueinejad et al,(2019) explained that the inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines indirectly inhibited the recruitment of neutrophils to the wound area in SCI [6,10]. This statement is related to the explanations ofAnwar et al, (2016) and Dinarello, (2000) [13,14].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Role of Neutrophils to Determine the Outcome in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: a Systematic Review

Ramadhiansyah¹,

Hamzah²,

Apriawan³

et al. 2022

IJRP

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Background: Based to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center (NSCISC) of the University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA, there are 15 to 40 cases of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) per one million population each year (approximately 4,125 to 11,000 new cases) in the world. Neutrophils in SCI have two roles, namely beneficial and detrimental. These roles can be an outcome indicator in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury, especially in the acute phase of SCI. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze neutrophil's role in SCI outcome indicators.Methods: This systematic review used secondary data in the form of animal trial studies that were found in the last five years. Five databases were searched, including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Springer Link, using keywords spinal cord injury, neutrophil, inflammation, and outcome.Results: There were six studies reviewed in which all studies explained the detrimental role of neutrophils in SCI. Five studies explained that the role could be inhibited by proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, while four studies explained an increase in locomotor function after observation until the remodeling phase. Conclusion:The dominant role of neutrophils in SCI is detrimental. This role can be affected by two factors that become resolutions: direct and indirect. These two factors also affect the improvement in the locomotor function of SCI.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Role of Neutrophils to Determine the Outcome in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: a Systematic Review

Ramadhiansyah¹,

Hamzah²,

Apriawan³

et al. 2022

IJRP

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“…It has been shown after SCI, adaptive immunity is biased towards the Th1 pro-inflammatory responses [26], which could be the source of pathological overwhelming increase in the Th1:Th2 cytokine ratios after spinal cord injury. Besides, our previous studies have shown that lymph node cells stimulated with MBP produce more IFN-γ after thoracic spinal cord injury [27,28]. Interestingly, it has been demonstrated adoptive cell transfer of immune cells obtained from pooling lumbar lymph node with other lymph nodes at 7 days post-injury, but not at later post-injury intervals, from spinal cord injury donors to naive recipient rats resulted in transient hind limb paraparesis and ataxic gait [29]; may imply the importance of 7days post injury time point with a shift in the predominant T-cell subtype form Th1 to Th2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of lumbar lymph node, a CNS-specific draining lymph node, after spinal cord injury in rats

Askarifirouzjaei

Khajoueinejad

Fazeli

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Regional tissue-draining lymph nodes are the major active site after inflammation that generate primary immune responses according to lymphatic system pathways. However, CNS specific draining lymph nodes have not characterized individually after spinal cord injury (SCI). Therefore, we examined the morphofunctional state of the Lumbar lymph node, the closest CNS-draining lymph node adjacent to the lesion site in thoracic spinal cord injury. Findings: Lumbar lymph nodes isolated 7 days after low thoracic spinal cord injury were compared with sham control and intact control rats. The significant enlargement was observed in lumbar lymph nodes in SCI group accompanied by increased total cell number, while there was a significantly higher cell death rate. Besides, the proliferation test performed on lymphocytes lumbar lymph nodes one week after SCI revealed accelerated proliferation rate compared to sham and intact control groups, which was associated with significant elevation of IFN-γ/IL4 ratio, which confirms adaptive immunity is biased towards the Th1 pro-inflammatory responses. Conclusions: Accordingly, we conclude that the lumbar lymph node is an important CNS-draining lymph node for understanding the immunopathology of SCI, which needs to be considered as a major active lymphoid organ adjacent to the lesion site.

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“…In the non-human experimental SCI, we retrieved five studies supporting the neuroprotective effect of VitD supplementation (51)(52)(53)(54)(55). The proposed mechanisms are multidimensional, involving promoting axonal survival (51,52), reducing neuronal loss by attenuating oxidative stress (53,55), suppressing neuroinflammation (54) and modulation of autophagy ((55), Table 5).…”

Section: Neuroprotective Effect Of Vitamin D In Non-human Experimenta...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of vitamin D on the prognosis after spinal cord injury: A systematic review

Wang

Gan²,

Wu³

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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Vitamin D (VitD) insufficiency is a worldwide health problem and affects billions of people. Spinal cord injury (SCI) patients seem more susceptible to developing suboptimal levels of VitD. However, the literature regarding its impact on the prognosis of SCI is limited. Thus, in this review, we systematically investigated the published studies via a combination of keywords associated with SCI and VitD in four medical databases (Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science). All included studies were analyzed, and selected clinical data on the prevalence of VitD insufficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 30 ng/ml) and deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 20 ng/ml) were collected for further meta-analysis via random effects. Through literature review, a total of 35 studies were eligible and included. The meta-analysis of VitD status (13 studies, 1,962 patients) indicated high prevalence of insufficiency (81.6% [75.7, 87.5]) and deficiency (52.5% [38.1, 66.9]) after SCI. Besides, low levels of VitD were reported to be associated with a higher risk of skeletal diseases, venous thromboembolism, psychoneurological syndromes, and chest illness after injury. Existing literature suggested that supplemental therapy might act as an adjuvant treatment to facilitate post-injury rehabilitation. Non-human experimental studies highlighted the neuroprotective effect of VitD, which was associated with enhancing axonal and neuronal survival, suppressing neuroinflammation, and modulating autophagy. Therefore, the current evidence suggests that the prevalence of VitD insufficiency is high in the SCI population, and low-level VitD may impair functional restoration after SCI. VitD supplemental treatment may have potential benefits to accelerate rehabilitation in mechanistically related processes after SCI. However, due to the limitation of the available evidence, more well-designed randomized controlled trials and mechanism experimental research are still needed to validate its therapeutic effect, elucidate its neuroprotective mechanism, and develop novel treatments.

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Immunomodulatory effects of Calcitriol in acute spinal cord injury in rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 60 publications

Role of Neutrophils to Determine the Outcome in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: a Systematic Review

Role of Neutrophils to Determine the Outcome in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: a Systematic Review

Characterization of lumbar lymph node, a CNS-specific draining lymph node, after spinal cord injury in rats

Impact of vitamin D on the prognosis after spinal cord injury: A systematic review

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