Immunomodulatory Effects of a Concoction of Natural Bioactive Compounds—Mechanistic Insights

Abstract

Natural bioactive compounds derived from plant-based products are known for their biological immunomodulatory activities. They possess systemic pleiotropic effects, minimal side effects, and very low toxicities. Plant-based bioactive compounds have tremendous potential as natural therapeutic entities against various disease conditions and act as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-tumour, anti-allergic, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective agents. A herbal formulation extract including five biologically active compounds: Apigenin, Quercetin, Betulinic acid, Oleanolic acid, and β-Sitosterol can impart several immunomodulatory effects. In this review, we systematically present the impact of these compounds on important molecular signaling pathways, including inflammation, immunity, redox metabolism, neuroinflammation, neutropenia, cell growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle. The review corroborates the beneficial effect of these compounds and shows considerable potential to be used as a safer, more cost-effective treatment for several diseases by affecting the major nodal points of various stimulatory pathways.

The TCM Preparation Feilike Mixture for the Treatment of Pneumonia: Network Analysis, Pharmacological Assessment and Silico Simulation

“…Based on CT network, we found that FLKM principally regulates inflammatory through resveratrol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol, sesamin, and quercetin as well as other components. Studies have found that they can regulate various inflammatory factors and pathways to exert anti-inflammatory properties ( Zhong et al, 2012 ; Lopes Pinheiro et al, 2019 ; Ahmad Khan et al, 2020 ; Gangwar et al, 2021 ). Among them, stigmasterol, one of a phytosterols, is found in a number of medicinal plants.…”

Deciphering the Mechanism of YuPingFeng Granules in Treating Pneumonia: A Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Study

“…Through the IL-17 signaling pathway, γδT cells that can produce IL-17 are shown to control neutrophil influx under infection [ 58 ]. Treg cells secrete CXCL8 and promote neutrophil recruitment through CXCL8 [ 59 ]. The characteristics of Yersinia lung infection are severe pulmonary inflammation and a high abundance of neutrophil infiltration [ 60 ] because of the Yersinia infection pathway, there is a great risk of death.…”

Molecular Mechanism of β-Sitosterol and its Derivatives in Tumor Progression

“…The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signal transduction mechanism is involved in the progression of multiple cancers ( 82 ) and is essential for maintaining cell health by controlling fundamental cellular processes such as cell differentiation, growth, and survival ( 83 ). A recent study indicated that SIT positively modulates the NF-κB signaling pathway ( 84 ). Ziyuan et al.…”