Immunomodulatory effect of dietary brewer’s yeast extract in Sander lucioperca juveniles against the challenge of Aeromonas salmonicida

Impact of brewer's yeast extract and levamisole in diets with vegetable oils on the growth, chemical composition, and immunological and biochemical blood parameters of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca)

“…Since doses of levamisole that are either too high or administered too long have an immunosuppresant effect (Maqsood et al 2009;Misra et al 2009), it can be concluded that the dose of 300 mg/l administered for 8 weeks to pikeperch is effective in improving fish immunity. NuPro ® in doses of 40 g/kg feed stimulated cellular immunity robustly in pikeperch (Jarmolowicz et al , 2013; current study). Brewer's yeast as a source of nucleotides in the pikeperch diet proved to be an effective immunomodulator.…”

“…When recommended quantities of protein, carbohydrates, and lipids are maintained in pikeperch diets, vegetable oils do not impact the growth of this species (Kowalska et al 2010a, b;Zakes et al 2010). Among pikeperch (W = 8; 40; 75 g), NuPro ® (20-60 g/kg feed) was not observed to have had a stimulatory effect on body weight and FCR ratios following 8 weeks of rearing (Jarmolowicz et al , 2013; current study). Similar results were obtained when using levamisole in pikeperch (current study), and also in Indian carp Labo rohita (W = 37 g; dosage 125-500 mg/kg feed; 8 weeks of rearing) (Misra et al 2009).…”

“…Dietary administration of NuPro ® (20-60 g/kg feed) has no effect on the histological structure of the liver or intestine or on the Cp activity of pikeperch (W = 35-38 g) (Jarmolowicz et al 2013). Misra et al (2009) reported that levamisole did not disturb any physiological functions, including metabolism, as indicated by glucose levels.…”

“…An extract derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells that are rich in nucleotides is available as the commercial product NuPro ® (Alltech Inc., USA). Feeding fish diets with 40 g NuPro ® per kg/feed increases lysozyme activity, total immunoglobulin levels, phagocyte and macrophage activity, and lymphocyte responses in juvenile pikeperch (Jarmolowicz et al , 2013. Although the brewer's yeast extract does not impact pikeperch growth (Jarmolowicz et al , 2013, it is a source of components which could positively affect lipid metabolism, and, consequently, digestibility through the assimilation and utilization of nutrients (Li and Gatlin 2006).…”

Spent brewer's yeast extracts as a new component of functional food

“…Most of the spent brewer's yeast, a waste product, is used as a source of protein, B vitamins, and minerals in animal feed production. Spent brewer's yeast is not only a good source of inexpensive protein (45-60%), B vitamins, minerals, and other substances from the wort, but also it can be a good source of a number of valuable ingredients with pro-health properties such as β-glucans or mono-and oligosaccharides (York & Ingram 1996;Ferreira et al 2010;Jarmołowicz et al 2013;Waszkiewicz-Robak 2013). Brewer's yeast is generally regarded as a safe microorganism, which contains several beneficial nutrients (Mussatto 2009;Waszkiewicz-Robak 2013).…”