Immunomodulation induced through ornithine decarboxylase DNA immunization in Balb/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani

Retracted: Evaluating the immunomodulatory responses of LdODC‐derived MHC Class‐II restricted peptides against VL

“…[10][11][12][13] However, none of these strategies offer significant protection and are yet to be applied in phase I clinical trial. Our previous studies revealed that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) derived from Leishmania donovani have the potential to elicit the immune cells by influencing multifunctional CD4 + and CD8 + T cell-mediated activities 14,15 with a robust Th1 immune response and reduced parasite load in spleens. 14 Simultaneous up-regulated IL-10 against this target antigen is thought to plunge their vaccine potential.…”

“…Our previous studies revealed that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) derived from Leishmania donovani have the potential to elicit the immune cells by influencing multifunctional CD4 + and CD8 + T cell-mediated activities 14,15 with a robust Th1 immune response and reduced parasite load in spleens. 14 Simultaneous up-regulated IL-10 against this target antigen is thought to plunge their vaccine potential. 14,15 It was quite evident that epitope-derived vaccines can modulate a variety of immune cells as they can be combined to design multi-epitopes and/or multi-specific vaccines.…”

“…14 Simultaneous up-regulated IL-10 against this target antigen is thought to plunge their vaccine potential. 14,15 It was quite evident that epitope-derived vaccines can modulate a variety of immune cells as they can be combined to design multi-epitopes and/or multi-specific vaccines. Additionally, cell surface adhesion molecule of the immunological gene superfamily such as CD2 has been reported to mediate T cells' adhesive interaction, later extended through the support of co-stimulatory receptors CD28 on T cells to enable an immune response to occur.…”

Introductory Chapter: Leishmaniasis: An Emerging Clinical Syndrome

“…The plethora of candidate vaccines range from the live non-pathogenic vectors to the recombinant subunit vaccines, alone or together with adjuvants and/or delivery systems for induction of cell-mediated immunity. Some of these include Leishmania-activated C-kinase antigen (LACK) [12], Leishmania cysteine peptidase A, B in poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles [13], soluble Leishmania antigens in nanoliposomes co-delivered with saponin and imiquimod [14], DNA vaccine encoding ornithine decarboxylase [15]. Inclusion of salivary proteins in antileishmanial vaccines has been reported to result in a synergistic protective effect [16].…”

Evaluation of anti‐tick efficiency in rabbits induced by DNA vaccines encoding Haemaphysalis longicornis lipocalin homologue

“…And DNA vaccine from the pre‐membrane and envelope proteins (prME) of zika virus (ZIKV) has been entered the clinical trials, and 62% of volunteers developed neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV after receiving three doses of prME DNA candidate vaccine (Lunardelli et al, 2021). Ornithine decarboxylase gene from Leishmania donovani (LdODC) was cloned into pcDNA3.1 and the results of direct serum agglutination test showed that the serum of mice immunized with pcDNA3.1‐LdODC had intense anti‐ODC antibody response (Kumar et al, 2018). In addition, DNA cocktail vaccines containing Surface Antigens 1 (SAG1) and Surface Antigens 3 (SAG3) from Toxoplasma gondii can induce the host to produce higher levels of IFN γ and IgG2a (Sobati et al, 2019).…”