Immunomodulation for Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: The State of the Art

Zhang, Yinhua; Chen, Yuanyuan; Zhao, Meng

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.577442

Cited by 32 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 110 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Second proof of concept related with the production of cytokines, either pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-a, IFN-g, IL-2, KC and IL-12 or anti-inflammatory cytokines as IL-4, IL-6, MIP-2 or IL-10. Covid-19 cytokine storm in severe patients correlates with very high levels of TNF-a, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10, as well as with a clear deficiency in the production of IFN related cytokines ( i.e, IFN-a, IFN-g or IL-12) ([9]). Our results in Figure 2 showed that DC loaded with COVID19-NTD peptide produced mainly the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-12, IL-17A and IL-2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First computational design of Covid-19 coronavirus vaccine using lambda superstrings

Martínez

Malaina

Salcines

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work we have developed, by employing lambda superstrings, a map of candidate vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 with lengths between 9 and 200, based on estimations of the immunogenicity of the epitopes and the binding affinity of epitopes to MHC class I molecules using tools from the IEDB Analysis Resource, as well as the overall predictions obtained using the VaxiJen tool. We have synthesized one of the peptides, specifically the one of length 22, and we have carried out an immunogenicity assay and a cytokine assay, which has given positive results in both cases.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First computational design of Covid-19 coronavirus vaccine using lambda superstrings

Martínez

Malaina

Salcines

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Poorer outcomes in COVID-19 patients had been correlated with a high generalized proinflammatory state, the so-called "cytokine storm" that follows the rapid viral replication in the early phases of SARS-Cov-2 infection, as recently reviewed in [45,46] (Figure 3). Proinflammatory cytokines are predominantly produced by activated macrophages and are involved in the upregulation of inflammatory reactions.…”

Section: Immunopathogenesis Of Severe Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further investigation into the earlier published literature regarding the mechanism of action of the HCQ revealed the possible impact on the MAPK pathway activation In COVID-19 patients, as elegantly reviewed in [45,46,48], SARS-Cov-2 infection causes a highly generalized proinflammatory state, the so-called "cytokine storm" by activated macrophages that produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-2, IL-10, and TNF-alpha, with a reduction in IFN-gamma production by CD4+ T cells. In parallel, a higher neutrophil count, a lower number of lymphocytes, and lymphopenia are observed.…”

Section: Can Cq Hcq and Derivatives Affect Mapk Activation?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Insights into the MAPK Cascade during Viral Infection: Potential Crosstalk between HCQ and HCQ Analogues

Mohanta

Sharma

Arina³

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway links the cell-surface receptors to the transcription machinery, transducing the extracellular signals into several outputs, which may also adapt the host defense mechanism to viral attacks. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the COrona VIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected upwards of nearly 70 million people and worldwide has claimed more than 1,600,000 deaths. So far, there continues to be no specific treatment for this novel coronavirus-induced disease. In the search to control the global COVID-19 pandemic, some eastern and developing countries have approved a variety of treatments with controversial efficacy, among which is the use of the antimalarial hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Interestingly, prior data had indicated that the HCQ/CQ could influence the MAPK cascade. The main aim of this review is to address molecular mechanisms, beyond drugs, that can be helpful against viral infection for this and future pandemics. We will highlight (1) the contribution of the MAPK cascade in viral infection and (2) the possible use of MAPK inhibitors in curbing viral infections, alone or in combination with HCQ and quinoline analogues. We are convinced that understanding the molecular patterns of viral infections will be critical for new therapeutical approaches to control this and other severe diseases.

show abstract

“…As of December 30, 2020, the cumulative number of confirmed cases worldwide exceeded 80 million, and more than 1.78 million patients had died; the daily number of newly diagnosed patients is still rising. Although many clinical trials have been performed in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, so far, only dexamethasone has been validated in reducing the mortality rate of critically ill patients, and no specific medicine is available for COVID-19 ( 7 ). The demand for intensive care unit (ICU) beds, ventilators, protective equipment, other medical resources and medical staff exceed the existing supply by 10-fold ( 6 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CANPT Score: A Tool to Predict Severe COVID-19 on Admission

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aims: Patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a mortality rate higher than 50%. The purpose of this study was to establish a model for the prediction of the risk of severe disease and/or death in patients with COVID-19 on admission.Materials and Methods: Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in four hospitals in China from January 22, 2020 to April 15, 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. The demographic, laboratory, and clinical data of the patients with COVID-19 were collected. The independent risk factors related to the severity of and death due to COVID-19 were identified with a multivariate logistic regression; a nomogram and prediction model were established. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and predictive accuracy were used to evaluate the model's effectiveness.Results: In total, 582 patients with COVID-19, including 116 patients with severe disease, were enrolled. Their comorbidities, body temperature, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet (PLT) count, and levels of total bilirubin (Tbil), creatinine (Cr), creatine kinase (CK), and albumin (Alb) were independent risk factors for severe disease. A nomogram was generated based on these eight variables with a predictive accuracy of 85.9% and an AUROC of 0.858 (95% CI, 0.823–0.893). Based on the nomogram, the CANPT score was established with cut-off values of 12 and 16. The percentages of patients with severe disease in the groups with CANPT scores <12, ≥12, and <16, and ≥16 were 4.15, 27.43, and 69.64%, respectively. Seventeen patients died. NLR, Cr, CK, and Alb were independent risk factors for mortality, and the CAN score was established to predict mortality. With a cut-off value of 15, the predictive accuracy was 97.4%, and the AUROC was 0.903 (95% CI 0.832, 0.974).Conclusions: The CANPT and CAN scores can predict the risk of severe disease and mortality in COVID-19 patients on admission.

show abstract

Immunomodulation for Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: The State of the Art

Cited by 32 publications

References 110 publications

First computational design of Covid-19 coronavirus vaccine using lambda superstrings

First computational design of Covid-19 coronavirus vaccine using lambda superstrings

Molecular Insights into the MAPK Cascade during Viral Infection: Potential Crosstalk between HCQ and HCQ Analogues

CANPT Score: A Tool to Predict Severe COVID-19 on Admission

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About