Immunomodulation by heavy metals tested individually or in mixtures in rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) exposed in vivo

Sanchez-Dardon, Jaime; Voccia, Isabelle; Hontela, Alice; Chilmonczyk, Stéfan; Dunier, Muriel; Boermans, Herman J.; Blakley, Barry; Fournier, Michel

doi:10.1002/etc.5620180722

Cited by 49 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…In particular, the MHC class I UBA gene was strongly downregulated in liver under both acute and chronic exposures (Table VI). Mercury exposure has been shown to lead to immune suppression in fish (Sanchez‐Dardon et al , 1999) and is also associated with development of autoimmune disease (Havarinasab et al , 2007). These immune system effects may be related to the previously discussed apoptosis effects because immune‐related cells undergo apoptosis with methylmercury exposure (Shenker et al , 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a 15 k gene microarray to determine gene expression changes in response to acute and chronic methylmercury exposure in the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque

Klaper

Carter

Richter

et al. 2008

Journal of Fish Biology

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This study describes the use of a 15 000 gene microarray developed for the toxicological model species, Pimephales promelas, in investigating the impact of acute and chronic methylmercury exposures in male gonad and liver tissues. The results show significant differences in the individual genes that were differentially expressed in response to each treatment. In liver, a total of 650 genes exhibited significantly (P < 0Á05) altered expression with greater than two-fold differences from the controls in response to acute exposure and a total of 267 genes were differentially expressed in response to chro*nic exposure. A majority of these genes were downregulated rather than upregulated. Fewer genes were altered in gonad than in liver at both timepoints. A total of 212 genes were differentially expressed in response to acute exposure and 155 genes were altered in response to chronic exposure. Despite the differences in individual genes expressed across treatments, the functional categories that altered genes were associated with showed some similarities. Of interest in light of other studies involving the effects of methylmercury on fish, several genes associated with apoptosis were upregulated in response to both acute and chronic exposures. Induction of apoptosis has been associated with effects on reproduction seen in the previous studies. This study demonstrates the utility of microarray analysis for investigations of the physiological effects of toxicants as well as the time-course of effects that may take place. In addition, it is the first publication to demonstrate the use of this new 15 000 gene microarray for fish biology and toxicology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of a 15 k gene microarray to determine gene expression changes in response to acute and chronic methylmercury exposure in the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque

Klaper

Carter

Richter

et al. 2008

Journal of Fish Biology

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“…The exposure of fish to sublethal doses of Cd and Cu altered the macrophage functions such as phagocytic activity and production of free radicals (Elsasser et al, 1986;Zelikoff, 1993), respiratory burst (Sanchez-Dardon et al, 1999) and the blastogenic and antibody-production responses of lymphocytes (Anderson et al, 1989;O'Neill, 1981;Thuvander, 1989). The effects of metal also affect the levels of circulating leukocytes, thus altering the blood cell ratios (Dick and Dixon, 1985;Murad and Houston, 1988;Nussey et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro effect of cadmium and copper on separated blood leukocytes of Dicentrarchus labrax

Vazzana¹,

Celi²,

Tramati³

et al. 2014

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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a b s t r a c tThe immunotoxic effects of heavy metals on blood leukocytes of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were examined. The cells, separated by a discontinuous Percoll-gradients, were exposed in vitro to various sublethal concentrations of cadmium and copper (10 À 7 M, 10 À 5 M, and 10 À 3 M) and their immunotoxic effect was then evaluated by measuring neutral red uptake, MTT assay, DNA fragmentation and Hsp70 gene expression. First of all, we demonstrated that the cells treated in vitro could incorporate Cd and Cu. A relationship between heavy metal exposure and dose-time-dependent alterations in responses of leukocytes from blood was found for both metals, but copper was more immunotoxic than cadmium in all assays performed. A significant reduction in the cells' ability to uptake neutral red and viability by MTT assay was recorded, indicating that both cadmium and copper could change the membrane permeability, inducing cellular apoptosis when the concentration of metals reached 10 À 3 M. The apoptotic effect may also explain the high level of cytotoxicity found when the leukocytes were exposed to higher concentration of metals. These results demonstrated that toxic effect of copper and cadmium affect on the mechanisms of cellmediated immunity reducing the immune defences of the organism.

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“…Sanchez-Dardon et al (1999) reported that heavy metal pollution affects lysozyme levels and causes alterations of immunoregulatory functions in fish. Our study revealed that chronic exposure to 0.5 or 5 mg l -1 of Cr (VI) suppressed serum lysozyme activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response and disease resistance of Oreochromis mossambicus to Aeromonas hydrophila after exposure to hexavalent chromium

Prabakaran¹,

Binuramesh²,

Steinhagen³

et al. 2006

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of hexavalent chromium (K 2 Cr 2 O 7 ) on the immune response and disease resistance of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) to bacterial Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish (45 to 50 g) were exposed to 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, and 5 mg l -1 [0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10% LC 50 , respectively] of hexavalent chromium Cr (VI) for 28 d. The specific immune response was assessed by antibody response to A. hydrophila by bacterial agglutination assay, and to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) by plaque forming cell (PFC) assay. In addition, nonspecific immune mechanisms were assessed by serum lysozyme activity and reactive nitrogen intermediates, the latter in terms of nitric oxide (NO) production by peripheral blood leucocytes. Overall immunity was assessed by disease resistance against live virulent A. hydrophila. The study clearly indicated that chronic exposure of fish to 0.5 and 5 mg l -1 of chromium (VI) decreased both nonspecific and specific parameters of the immune system, which resulted in a lower disease resistance to A. hydrophila. Interestingly, 0.05 mg l -1 of Cr (VI) enhanced disease resistance and both nonspecific and specific immune responses to A. hydrophila. Our study revealed a concentration-dependent modulation of the immune system by chromium (VI), as demonstrated by suppressive or stimulatory effects on lymphocytes, lysozyme, phagocytic killing mechanisms, and disease resistance in O. mossambicus.

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Immunomodulation by heavy metals tested individually or in mixtures in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed in vivo

Cited by 49 publications

References 34 publications

Use of a 15 k gene microarray to determine gene expression changes in response to acute and chronic methylmercury exposure in the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque

Use of a 15 k gene microarray to determine gene expression changes in response to acute and chronic methylmercury exposure in the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas Rafinesque

In vitro effect of cadmium and copper on separated blood leukocytes of Dicentrarchus labrax

Immune response and disease resistance of Oreochromis mossambicus to Aeromonas hydrophila after exposure to hexavalent chromium

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