Immunomodulating effect of antimicrobial agents on cytokine production by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils

Relationship between Azithromycin Susceptibility and Administration Efficacy for Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Respiratory Infection

“…Second, AZM has been shown to suppress inflammation in a range of cell model systems (20, 21, 23-25, 29, 30, 61). Moreover, AZM suppresses inflammation induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (62), Fusobacterium nucleatum (63), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (64). Although AZM has been suggested to dampen inflammation during NTHI infection (53,65), it should be noted that these two studies were carried out by stimulating host cells with bacterial extracts, which may differ substantially from using viable bacteria.…”

NK Cells in Gamma-Interferon-Deficient Mice Suppress Lung Innate Immunity againstMycoplasmaspp

“…Neutrophils could have several devastating effects on mycoplasma disease. Neutrophils could release anti-inflammatory cytokines, dampening activation of immune response (60), or neutrophils, which are unable to effectively kill mycoplasma, could impair of normal clearance (28,69). Therefore, NK cells could influence the effectiveness directly through the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and/or indirectly by the recruitment of neutrophils, or other cells, that interfere with macrophage killing of mycoplasma.…”

Dynamics of milk leukocytes in response to intramammary infusion of amoxicillin plus sulbactam during bovine subclinical mastitis

“…Phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity of leukocytes can also be substantially augmented by various proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 etc. (Reato et al 2004;Dias et al 2011;Hellberg et al 2011). No data are available on the effects of sulbactam on cytokine activity; however, studies indicated that amoxicillin treatment up-regulates the expression of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 in response to many bacterial infections (Reato et al 1999;Melhus and Ryan, 2004).…”