Immunometabolism features of metabolic deregulation and cancer

Abstract

Immunometabolism is a branch dealing at the interface of immune functionalities and metabolic regulations. Considered as a bidirectional trafficking, metabolic contents and their precursors bring a considerable change in immune cells signal transductions which as a result affect the metabolic organs and states as an implication. Lipid metabolic ingredients form a major chunk of daily diet and have a proven contribution in immune cells induction, which then undergo metabolic pathway shuffling inside their ownself. Lipid metabolic states activate relevant metabolic pathways inside immune cells that in turn prime appropriate responses to outside environment in various states including lipid metabolic disorders itself and cancers as an extension. Although data on Immunometabolism are still growing, but scientific community need to adjust and readjust according to recent data on given subject. This review attempts to provide current important data on Immunometabolism and consequently its metabolic ramifications. Incumbent data on various lipid metabolic deregulations like obesity, metabolic syndrome, obese asthma and atherosclerosis are analysed. Further, metabolic repercussions on cancers and its immune modalities are also analysed.

Ovariectomy Activates Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation Mediated by Memory T Cells, Which Promotes Osteoporosis in Mice

“…Nearly one‐half of postmenopausal women develop osteoporosis, but menopause also increases incidence of other comorbidities including coronary artery disease, certain cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stroke, and dementia . It is tempting to speculate that the proinflammatory T cells produced by E 2 loss also contribute to the pathogenesis of these conditions because all these conditions are known to be caused by both chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome . In conclusion, our studies establish a new regulatory circuit between E 2 , the immune system, and the skeletal system.…”

Climate change facilitates a parasite’s host exploitation via temperature‐mediated immunometabolic processes

“…Immunometabolic research revealed that the activity of the immune system is not possible without the activation of the appropriate metabolic pathways (Wang, Ping, et al, 2019). From a physiological perspective, immunity uses anabolic pathways at the cost of growth and reproduction (Wang, Luan, et al, 2019 (Scharsack et al, 2007).…”

Obesity and CD8 T cell metabolism: Implications for anti‐tumor immunity and cancer immunotherapy outcomes

“…However, not all effects of leptin are beneficial, as recent evidence suggests that leptin can impair CD8 T cell immunity via a STAT3-dependent signaling pathway that culminates in elevated PD-1 expression and suppression of T cell proliferation, leading to functional exhaustion. 68 With obesity, adipocytes fail to properly store fatty acids, resulting in increased free fatty acids in the plasma of humans and mice. 18 However, many cell types, including T lymphocytes, have a limited capacity to process lipids, so chronically elevated intracellular concentrations of these substances can induce lipotoxicity, which manifests as cellular damage, dysfunction, and eventually death (reviewed in reference 17 ).…”

“…As cytotoxic CD8 T cells have been described as existing in synonymous pro‐inflammatory, IFNγ+Tc1, and anti‐inflammatory, IL‐4+Tc2, subsets, it is possible that obesity‐associated leptin may also skew CD8 effector T cell differentiation toward a pro‐inflammatory profile, although this idea remains to be tested. However, not all effects of leptin are beneficial, as recent evidence suggests that leptin can impair CD8 T cell immunity via a STAT3‐dependent signaling pathway that culminates in elevated PD‐1 expression and suppression of T cell proliferation, leading to functional exhaustion …”