“…Tumour cells actively secrete factors that skew the phenotype of GAMs to a M2 phenotype, including expression of GM-CSF [79], CSF-1 [75,92], and S100B [93]. Immunosuppressive factors including IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, MIF, TGF-β, and PGE-2 are secreted by glioma cells, and are also known to drive GAM differentiation towards an M2 phenotype rather than an M1 phenotype [47].…”